bio unit 1

Mere som dette

Origin of languages

af Eric Bova

Diversity Map

af Hasnain Mir

Nucleic Acid Research Database

af MUHAMMAD HAFIZUDDIN BIN YUSOF

Haze(AGAR.IO)

af Salman Munthaseer

Can be caused by

Mutations: random change in Dna that occurs during replication

Won't happen if

Hardy Weinburg Equilibrium:large population, random mating (non-selective), no new mutations, no selection/discrimination to affect allele frequencies, no migration (gene flow)

Evidence for

Analogous structures: structures that are similar in shape/function in unrelated organisms that live in similar env'ts

Divergent evolution: organisms are thought to have the same ancestor, but separated over time.

Convergent evolution: process where unrelated org.in similar env'ts have similar adaptations

Homologies/Homologous structures: traits that are conserved in evolutionarily related organisms

Endosymbiosis: mitochondria & chloroplasts were likely some sort of prokaryotic organism that was engulfed by a larger cell

Genetic code: almost ALL (few bacterial exceptions) use the same code to build proteins

Comparative embryology: comp. embryonic dev. of organisms in the same kingdom

DNA/RNA/Proteins: high gene similarity means they're evol. related, low gene similarity means they're evol. unrelated

Fossils: parts of past organisms

Artificial selection: when humans select trait they desire for breeding purposes in other organism

vs

Non-random Mating

Evolution: descent w modification

Prod. By

Natural Selection: when some org. are more fit for a particular env't so their traits may become more common in that env't

Selective pressure: change in the env'tl characteristics that may lead to natural selection

Natural Variation: the different members of a species due to inheritance

Things that may contribute

Bacterial conjugation

Sexual reproduction

Modes of selection

Disruptive Selection: occurs against the average -> extreme traits become more common than average trait

Directional Selection: selection against the most common trait. Happens at one extreme or the other.

Stabilizing selection: the average trait becomes/stays most common

Effected by

Adaptation: inherited trait that makes an org. more fit for an env't

of

Population: group of indiv. in the same species living together

Subtopic

Genotype frequency

Freq. of both in

Allele freq.