LLS Typology
The LLS Model of Mohamed Amin
Exam LLS (ELLS)
Memorizing essay format
Doing exercises in workbooks
Learner's preparation leading to an examination such as joining a discussion group
Out-Of-Class LLS (OLLS)
Watching English movies
Discussing with friends after class
Conversing in English with the parents at home
Classroom LLS (CLLS)
answer silently to oneself
Asking for a friend's or teacher's clarification
Sitting near students who are proficient in the target language
The LLS Model of O'Malley and Chamot
Socio-affective strategies
Self-talk
Cooperation
Questioning for clarification
Inferencing
Transfer
Elaboration
Auditory representation
Imagery
Deduction
Summarizing
Note taking
Grouping
Resourcing
Self-management
Self-evaluation
Self-monitoring
Selective attention
Organizational planning
Advance preparation
Advance organization
The LLS Model of Oxford
Indirect strategies
Social strategies
Empathizing with others
Cooperating with others
Asking questions
Affective strategies
Taking your emotional temperature
Encouraging yourself
Lowering your anxiety
Metacognitive strategies
Evaluating your learning
Centering your learning
Arranging and planning your learning
Direct strategies
Compensation strategies
Creating structure for input and output
Cognitive strategies
Analyzing and reasoning
Receiving and sending messages
Practice
Memory strategies
Employing action
Reviewing well
Creating mental linkages