Kategorier: Alle - carbohydrates - synthesis - lipids - proteins

af Chloe sharp 6 år siden

224

macromolecules by chloe sharp

Living organisms rely on large molecules known as macromolecules, which include nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates, each playing a crucial role in biological processes. Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA store and transmit genetic information essential for protein synthesis.

macromolecules by chloe sharp

cytosine

broken down

enzymes

Macromolecules by Chloe Sharp

nucleic acids

bases
pyrimidine bases

uracil

thymine

purine bases

guanine

adenine

pentose sugars
ribose
deoxyribose
instructions for proteins
phosphate groups
phosphodiesterase bond
covenant bonds

two hydroxide groups

lipids

characteristics
hydrogen than carb

long chain carbon,hydrogen,oxygen

not a true polymer; can't link sub units over and over again
non-polar

hydrophobic; therefore clump together in water

C-H energy rich bonds ideal for storage
waxes
plants and animals
ear wax

bacteria

steroids
hormones
medical
fats
phospholipids
tail and head

hydrophobic and hydrophillc

amphipathic
triglycerides
calories

glycerol and fatty acids

proteins

structures
primary structure
quaternary structure

heme

Fe2+

B-chain

a-chain

tertiary structure

pleated sheets

secondary structure

a-helix

B-pleated sheet

transcriptions
nucleus
DNA

information

RNA polyamerase

RNA
translations
cytoplasm

ribosome

amino acids

peptide bonds

non-ionized form and ionized form

carbohydrates

polysaccharide
glycogen

liver

energy storage

cellulose

structure

chitin

arthropods

many bases

chains of 3 or more molecules joined together

starch

hydrolysis

enzymes and amylase

amylose

disaccharide
lactose

dairy products (milk)

glucose and galactose

maltose

malt products (malt sugar)

glucose and glucose

Subtopic

sucrose

white table sugar

glucose and fluctose

two bases

two molecule joined together

dehydration synthesis

chemical process

monosaccharide
galactose
fructose

plants

glucose

energy production

cellular respiration

single carbon base

building on the other carbohydrates