NANOTECHNOLOGY
CHARACTERISTICS OF NANOMATERIALS
Magnetic properties
Nanoparticles with magnetic properties are iron, nickel and cobalt
Optic properties
Absorb light in a variable range of wavelengths depending on the size and shape of the nanoparticles in suspension
Chemical properties
Molecular structure, composition and chemical purity of the surface of the aggregate, and behavior in the presence of water molecules or oil
Physical properties
Size, form, specific surface and ratio between width and height, degree of adhesion between molecules, smoothness or roughness of their surface, dissolution capacity
ALLOTROPIC FORMS OF CARBON
Amorphous
Are arranged in a disorderly manner
Can be used for the development of technological purification applicatios, as absorbents, storage of sustances, and catalyst supports
Crystalline
Have a repetitive pattern
Dimond and graphite
CHEMICAL ELEMENTS
NP based on lipids
Contain half of the lipids and half metallic nanoparticles and are used in medical applications.
NP polymeric
Based is organic, have forms of nanoshpheres or nano capsules.
NP semiconductors
Have metallic and non-metallic properties. Have many applications.
NP ceramics
Inorganic non-metallic solids synthesized by heat and cooled successively. Used as a catalyst.
NP metallic
Mainly metal, used for scanning electron microscope sampling and to boost the electronic current
NP based on carbon
Fullerenes and carbon nanotubes are the largest representatives
CLASSIFICATION OF NANOMATERIALS
Chemical composition
Based on the chemical nature of the constituents. Can be metallic, metal oxides, carbonates and silicates
Dimensionality
Based on the numer of nano dimensions they possess. Can be 0D, 1D, 2D, 3D
Origin
They can be natural or anthropogenic (created by man)
APPLICATIONS
Environment
Contributes to the development of nanoparticles that clean water through chemical rections that convert pollutants into inert molecules
Energy
Used in the development of catalysts for the production of biofuels
Medicine and health
For diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease, through the use of improved biological or chemical properties of new materials
Electronics
To minimize electricity consumption, increase their portability and generate chips with large storage capacities.
Daily use
It has been possible to obtain more resistant, lightweight, durable materials, with better reactivity and conductivity
BENEFITS AND RISKS
Risks
During the end use of the products, which could bring risks to health and the environment
Throughout the manufacturing process of nanoparticles and nanofibers
Benefits
Are felt in many fields, ranging from material science to electronics and from computing to medicine
