af Eryn Van Thielen 4 år siden
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Opisthokonta: single posterior flagellum on swimming cells, no plastids (also no feeding groove, no tripartite flagelar hair, no membranous vesicles on cell membrane)
Common Ancestor: multicellular, absorptive heterotroph
Animalia (Metazoa): lack of cell wall, mobile, presence of complex organ systems, gametic life cycle
Parazoa: Asymmetry
Porifera (Sponges): no tissues, no trochophore larvae or lophophore, no cephalization
Giant Barrel Sponge (Xestospongia muta)
Eumetazoa
Radiata: radial symmetry
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Scyphozoa: have dominant medusa
Moon Jelly (Aurelia aurita)
Hydrozoa: alternate between polyp and medusa i.e. Portuguese Man O War
Pennaria disticha
Anthozoa: have dominant polyp i.e. sea anemones and coral
Elkhorn coral (Acropora palmata)
Bilateria: Bilateral Symmetry
Deuterostomia: tissues present in three embryonic tissue layers (triploblasty), radial and indeterminate embryonic cleavage, blastopore into anus, no trochophore larvae or lophophore
Chordata
Vertebra: possess a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail; vertebrates are further differentiated from chordates by their vertebral column, which forms when their notochord develops into the column of bony vertebrae separated by discs
Mammalia: possess a cranium, jaws, and lungs or lung derivatives; bony skeleton, limbs, 4 chambered heart, endothermic, amniotic egg, hair and milk; double circulation
American Black Bear (Ursus americanus)
Reptilia: possess a cranium, jaws, and lungs or lung derivatives; bony skeleton, limbs, 3 or 4 chambered heart, ectothermic (non-bird reptiles) endothermic (birds), amniotic egg, no hair or milk; double circulation
Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas)
Amphibia: possess a cranium, jaws, and lungs or lung derivatives; bony skeleton, limbs, 3 chambered heart, ectothermic, no amniotic egg, no hair or milk; double circulation
Red Eyed Tree Frog (Agalychnis callidryas)
Osteichthyes (bony fish)
Sarcopterygii: lobe-finned fishes which possess a cranium, jaws, and lungs or lung derivatives; bony skeleton, no limbs, 2 chambered heart, ectothermic, no amniotic egg, no hair or milk; single circulation
Coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae)
Actinopterygii: ray-finned fishes which possess a cranium, jaws, and lungs or lung derivatives; bony skeleton, no limbs, 2 chambered heart, ectothermic, no amniotic egg, no hair or milk; single circulation
Blue Tang (Paracanthurus hepatus)
Chondrichthyes: possess a cranium and jaws; cartilage skeleton, no lungs or lung derivatives, no limbs, 2 chambered heart, ectothermic, no amniotic egg, no hair or milk; single circulation
Great White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias)
Agnathans aka Cyclostomes: possess a cranium; no jaws, no limbs, no lungs or lung derivatives, no amniotic egg, no hair or milk production; cartilage skeleton, 2-chambered heart, ectothermic, single circulation
Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii)
Cephalochordata: segmented marine animals that possess elongated bodies with a notochord that extends the length of the body, extending from head to tail, persisting throughout the animal's life; possesses a hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post anal tail; body has more than two cell layers and includes tissues and organs, has a U shaped gut, and body has no coelomic body cavity, no cranium, no vertebral column, no cartilage or bony skeleton, no jaws, no limbs, no lungs or lung derivatives, no heart chambers, no internal temperature maintenance, no amniotic egg, no hair, and no milk production; single circulation
Branchiostoma lanceolatum
Urochordata: possess a notochord, a hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post anal tail; body has more than two cell layers and includes tissues and organs, has a U shaped gut, and body has no coelomic body cavity, no cranium, no vertebral column, no cartilage or bony skeleton, no jaws, no limbs, no lungs or lung derivatives, no heart chambers, no internal temperature maintenance, no amniotic egg, no hair, and no milk production; single circulation
tunicates
Sea Peaches (Halocynthia aurantium)
Echinodermata: presence of water vascular system, no cephalization
Holothuroidea: lack arms, bilateral symmetry, body wall soft rather than calcareous, sedimentary feeders, body surrounded by tube feet
California sea cucumber (Apostichopus californicus)
Echinoidea: have a globoid shape without any arms are features the sea urchins share with the sea cucumbers; have fivefold symmetry and move around on a large number of hydraulically powered tube feet
Purple Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
Ophiuroidea: "brittle stars"; five part symmetry and an internal calcium carbonate skeleton in the mineral form of calcite
Serpent Star (Ophiura ophiura)
Asteroidea
Giant Sea Star (Pisaster giganteus)
Protostomia: tissues present in three embryonic tissue layers (triploblasty), spiral and indeterminate embryonic cleavage, blastopore into mouth, no trochophore larvae or lophophore
Lophotrochozoa: tissues present in three embryonic tissue layers (triploblasty), spiral and determinate embryonic cleavage, blastopore into mouth, presence of trochophore larvae or lophophore
Annelida: Cephalization
Common Earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris)
Platyhelminthes: no cephalization
Cestoda: type of parasitic worm that can be found in the gastrointestinal tract of their hosts; characterized by a long, flat body (ribbon-like) that can grow to over 20 meters in length
Pork Tapeworm (Taenia solium)
Trematoda: flattened oval or worm-like animals, usually no more than a few centimeters in length; presence of two suckers, one close to the mouth, and the other on the underside
Rhabditophora: presence of specialized, rod-like secretory granules on their body surface (rhabdites) responsible for the production of a layer of viscous slime
Macrostomum lignano
Sheep Liver Fluke (Fasciola hepatica)
Mollusca: presence of gills, Cephalization
Cephalopoda: the foot has developed into a set of arms or tentacles; ability to squirt ink when threatened; symmetrical
Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas)
Bivalva: have two shells called valves which act like protective armor
Soft Shell Clam (Mya arenaria)
Gastropoda: have a muscular foot which is used for "creeping" locomotion sometimes modified for swimming or burrowing; most have 1-2 tentacles and a well developed head with eyes
Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata)
Ecdysozoa: tissues present in two embryonic tissue layers (diploblasty), spiral and determinate embryonic cleavage, blastopore into mouth, no trochophore larvae or lophophore, only group with ecdysis
Nematoda: no cephalization
Roundworm (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Arthropoda: spiracles and tracheal system, book lungs, gills, cephalization
Chelicerata: presence of two main body segments, four pairs of legs, have pedipalps (i.e. pinchers or secondary legs), lack antennae, majority of them are terrestrial
Southern Black Widow (Latrodectus mactans)
Crustacea: presence of a hard exoskeleton made of calcium, two compound eyes, two pairs of antennae, a pair of green glands excrete wastes near the base of antennae, and the abdominal segments have swimmerets (swimming legs)
Chesapeake Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus)
Hexapoda: aka Insecta; presence of a consolidated thorax with three pairs of legs (six legs)
Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus)
Fungi: presence of cell wall, lack of mobility and complex organ systems, zygotic life cycle
Black Bread Mold/Rhizopus stolonifer
Fly Agaric
Amoebozoa: no single posterior flagellum on swimming cells, no plastids (also no feeding groove, no tripartite flagelar hair, no membranous vesicles on cell membrane), pseudopodia that extend like tubes or flat lobes, uses pseudopodia for motility
Common Ancestor: presence of feeding groove, no tripartite flagellar hair, no membranous vesicles on cell membrane, Secondary Plastids in photosynthetic species (also no filose pseudopodia or pseudopodia that extend like tubes or flat lobes, no single posterior flagellum on swimming cells)
Slime Molds
Euglenoids
No plastids, filose pseudopodia, uses pseudopodia for motility (no single posterior flagellum on swimming cells)
Rhizaria: no feeding groove, no tripartite flagelar hair, no membranous vesicles on cell membrane
Foraminiferas
Radiolarians
Secondary Plastids in photosynthetic species (also no filose pseudopodia or pseudopodia that extend like tubes or flat lobes, no single posterior flagellum on swimming cells)
Alveolata: no feeding groove, no tripartite flagellar hair, presence of membranous vesicles on cell wall, possible to have tertiary plastids as well
Dinoflagellates
Stramenopila: no feeding groove, presence of tripartite flagellar hair, no membranous vesicles on cell membrane
Giant Kelp
Diatoms
autotroph with zygotic life cycle, no presence of embryo or desiccation-resistant spores, tissue growth throughout body, no gametangia or sporangia
Common Ancestor: no lignin, diffusion/osmosis circulation of waters and sugars, no true leaves, dominant gametophyte generation, no thick waxy cuticle, no stomata
Rhodophytes
Chlorophytes
(Charophytes) Braun's Stonewort
autotrophic ancestor with sporic life cycle, presence of embryo and desiccation resistant spores, tissue growth on apical meristems only, presence of gametangia and sporangia
common ancestor: no lignin present, diffusion/osmosis circulation of waters and sugars, dominant gametophyte generation, no thick waxy cuticle, no stomata
Mosses: foliose
Wooly Feather Moss
Hornworts: thallus, narrow pipe-like structures
Field Hornwort
Liverworts: can be foliose or thallus, lobate structures
Common Liverwort
common ancestor: presence of lignin, xylem/phloem circulation of waters and sugars, dominant sporophyte generation, presence of stomata and thick waxy cuticle
Monilophytes: megaphylls leaves (multiple veins)
Eastern Marsh Fern
Lycophytes: lycophylls aka microphylls leaves (one single unbranched leaf vein)
Fan Clubmoss
autotrophic ancestor produces pollen, has seeds, wooded, heterospory, contains ovules
gymnosperms: no flowers or fruit production, no endosperm, no ovaries
Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum)
Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris)
angiosperms: produce flowers and fruit, presence of endosperm, presence of ovaries
White Water Lily (Nymphaea alba)
Southern Magnolia
