Kategorier: Alle - critical thinking - variables - fallacies - experiment

af Mohamed AbdElGhany 10 år siden

239

Scientific Thinking

Understanding and applying scientific thinking is essential for conducting experiments and interpreting results. Key components include forming a testable hypothesis, identifying independent and dependent variables, and using a control group to ensure reliable data.

Scientific Thinking

Mohamed Ashraf AbdElGhany, Rana Zamzam

Scientific Thinking

Main topic

For hypothesis to be reliable:

Unbiased
Quantitative
Testable
Repeatable
Measurable
Empirical

Design Scientific Experiment

Results
Control group, 100 people minumum.
Controlled variable
Independent Variable
Dependent variable
Make a Hypothesis.

Different technologies

How to use powerpoint.
Use Timelines.
Use Mindomo.

Scientific Method

Formulate a theory.
Repeat.
Test.
Predict results.
Hypothesis.
Observation.

5 experimental techniques

Case study
Correlation
Experimental
Survey
Natural observation

Science can be bad or good depending on how we use it.

Example of good: Analysing whether photo was manipulated or not. (Dr. Hani Farid)
Example of good: Trying to discover forged paintings.
Example of bad: Forging paintings

How to think critically:

Tools of Critical thinking
No wishful or hopeful thinking
Empiricism
Rationalism
Skepticism

How to be skeptical:

Separate variables.

Ask if hypothesis is falsifiable

Do not get attached to your hypothesis

More than 1 hypothesis

Knowledgable debate

Independent confirmation of facts

Depth
Relevance
Breadth
Acuuracy
Clarity

Fallacies for Baloney detection

Inconsistency
Misunderstanding of the nature of statistics
Statistics of small number
Observational selection
Begging the question.
Special Pleading.
Appeal to ignorance
Argument from adverse consequences.
Argument from authority.
Ad hominem.

Wrong Sciences

Pathological science
Bad science
Junk science
Pseudo science

Research Methods

Paradigm
Inductive method
Deductive method

In Class

Learn to present infront of class
Getting to know everyone in class makes it:
Make new friends
Comfortable
Fun
Learn to participate.