The Molecules of Life -Alexis and Sophia Concept Map

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The Molecules of Life -Alexis and Sophia Concept Map

Marcomolecules:

Large biological molecules composed of Organic molecules (CHONSP)

Miller Urey Experiment

Chemical bonds hold atoms together

Chemical groups

Methyl group (NONPOLAR)

Phosphate group (-OPO3^2-)

Sulfhydroxyl group (-SH)

Amino group (-NH2)

Carbonyl (>C=O)

Carboxyl (-COOH)

Hydroxyl (-OH)

Covalent Bonds - sharing of electrons

Polarity = results from differing electronegativities

Nonpolar

Nonpolar Covalent Bonds - equal SHARING of electrons

Hydrophobic interactions

Van Der Waal Interactions

Polar

Polar Covalent Bonds - unequal SHARING of electrons

Hydrogen Bonds = intermolecular forces that occur between Hydrogen and Nitrogen, Oxygen, or Fluorine

Water and its Properties

Versatility as a solvent

Expansion upon freezing

Moderation of Temperature

High Heat of Vaporization

Evaporative cooling

Cohesion

Surface Tension

Adhesion

Ionic Bonds - transfer of electrons

Inorganic Molecules

electron configuration

Valence electrons

Electronegativity

Proteins

Peptide bonds

Amino acids

Basic

Acidic

Polar side chain(hydrophilic)

Nonpolar side chain(hydrophobic)

Protein Structure

Protein Modification

DNA Replication

RNA Primer

Leading Strand

Replication Fork

Okazaki Fragnements

ORI

Replication Bubble

Topoisomerase

Primase

Ligase

Helicase

SSB

DNA Polymerase III

DNA Polymerase II

Nucleic Acids

Polynucleotides

Nucleotides

RNA

RNA Processing

spliceosome

3' tail

5' cap

Pre mRNA

Gene splicing

Translation

5' to 3'

peptidyl transferase

tRNA

aminoacyl tRNA synthase

Stop codon

Start codon

Anticodon

Codon

Transcription

RNA Polymerase

Prokaryotes

Nonmembrane bound organelles

Ribosomes

RNA Polymerase II

Eukaryotes

Membrane bound organelles

cytoplasm

Cell wall

Chloroplasts

Thylakoid

thylakoid membrane

Granum

Stomata

Chlorophyll

Plasmodesmada

Vacuole

Plasma Membrane

Phospholipid bilayer

Amphipathic

Hydrophilic

Hydrophobic

Peroxisomes

Cytoskeleton

Microtubules

Intermediate Filaments

Microfilaments

Flagellum

Centrosomes

Lysosome

Mitochondria

Endomembrane system

Golgi Apparatus

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Nuclear Envelope

terminator

promotor

Transcription factors

DNA

Cell Cycle

Meiosis

4 daughter cells

Meiosis II

sister chromatids

Meiosis I

crossing over

haploid cells

Homologous chromosomes

Mitosis

2 daughter cells

diploid cells

M Phase

Telophase

Cytokinesis

Anaphase

Metaphase

Prometaphase

Prophase

Interphase

S Phase

Sister cromatids

G2

G1

Cloning

Molecular Cloning

Recombinant Gene Therapy

plasmid

bacterial cells

Reproductive Cloning

Dolly

Mutations

Nonsense Mutation

Missense Mutation

Frameshift Mutation

Silent Mutation

Chargaff's Rule

Griffith's Experiment

Meselson and Stahl Experiment

Lipids

Steroids

Cholesterol

Phospholipids

Carbohydrates

Polysaccharides

Peptidoglycan

Cellulose

Monosaccharides

Glucose

Photosynthesis

Cyclic electron flow

ATP

Dark reacction

light reaction

non-cyclic electron flow

NADPH

Cellular Respiration

electron transport chain

Calvin Cycle

Glycolysis