What is Discourse Analysis? part 1

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Concentrating on

Message

What is Discourse Analysis?

Spoken discourse: models of analysis

Birmingham´ model

CALLED EXCHANGE

Moves

Initiation Response Follow-up.

1 Answer 2 Acknowledgement 3 Non-verbal response

1 Question 2 Information 3 Command

1 Question 2 Answer 3 Comment

LANGUAGE OF TRADITIONAL

Native-speaker with a rigid pattern

Highly structured sequences.

Framing move and transaction

Internal structure

Pattern

Ask T Answer P Comment T

Teacher asks - a pupil answers

Structured and formal

-Settings telephone calls -Job interview.

Signal of the beginning and end.

Perceptions teachers and pupils´ roles

RELATIVELY SIMPLE AND POWERFUL

Form and function

Form

Encompasses elements like

Grammar Lexicon Phonology (including intonation, pitch, and juncture)

Function

Emphasizes

Practical & Useful

application of language

The scope of discourse analysis

McCarthy (2000)

Scope of D.A.

Overall aim

Better understanding

Natural written discourse

Natural spoken discourse

Expectations

Words/sentences linked

Meaningful communications

Coherent communications

Study of

D.A. concerns

Description and analysis

Written interaction

Written documents

Etc

Billboards

Comics

Notices

Instructions

Recipes

Stories

Letters

Newspapers

Different genres

Spoken interaction

Speech acts and discourse structures

Discourse structures

Discourse has:

End

Closure

Middle

Events

Beginning

Introduce

Problems

Characters

Settings

Relationship

Language

and

Contexts of its use

Enlargement

Oral topic

Ultimate and complete discourse

Based on:

Speech acts

Examples:

"You've . . ., haven't you?'"

"Tell me about the time you . . . ?"

Stretches

that force:

Instructing

Requesting

seen as:

Performing a particular act

Specific sense

Important issues

Fragments

Particular

Request Instruction

A brief historical overview

British Tradition

Structural-linguistic criteria

Intonation in discourse

Text Grammarians

Texts -> linguistic elements

Applications in Linguistics

Impacting second language learning and teaching.

American Tradition

Examining patterns in talk behavior

Unity of Discourse Analysis

Exploring:

Cultural influences

Contexts

Conversation analysis

D.A. emerged from

disciplines

Linguistics Semiotics Psychology Anthropology Sociology

Developed in

early 1960s

Zellig Harris's Contribution:

Distributes D.A. into

social context

large texts