Unit 1
What is Anatomy & Physiology?

Should Knows

Anatomy, Physiology, Homeostasis,
Illness, Positive Feedback Loop, Negative
Feedback Loop

Should Do's

1. Contrast anatomy and physiology.
2. Explain the difference between a positive and negative feedback loop and provide an example of each.
3. Explain why illnesses occur.

What is the Difference Between Anatomy & Physiology?

Subtopic

What Causes Illness?

If you don't maintain a healthy cycle then, your body cannot maintain homeostasis.

What Are Feedback Loops?

What are the stagers in a Feedback loop?

How does Positive and Negative Feedback Regulate Body Functions?

The flu is an example of Positive and negative feedback. Wh

Feedback loops is what maintains homeostasis.

SHOULD DO'S
1. Demonstrate the anatomical position
2. Describe the human body using directional and
regional terms
3. Identify three planes most commonly used in the
study of anatomy
4. Distinguish between the posterior (dorsal) and the
anterior (ventral) body cavities, identifying their
subdivisions and representative organs found in
each
5. Describe serous membrane and explain its function

What are the two body positions?

Superior (or cranial) - a position above or higher than another part of the body.

Inferior (or caudal) - lower than another part of the body.

What are the different Body directions?

Front & Back

Anterior (or ventral) - toward the front of the body.

Posterior (or dorsal) - direction toward the back of the body.

Right & Left

Lateral - toward the side of the body.

Toward & Away

Proximal - nearer to

Distal - farther from

Medial - toward the middle of the body.

Superficial - closer to the surface of the body.

Deep - farther from the surface of the body.

Should Knows

Define: polydipsia, hyponotermia, diabetes, hypotonic, hyperttonic, and isotonic
Should Do's

Explain why people with diabetes experience hyponometria and polydipsia.

Active transport

Use energy to move substances
(solute) against the concentration
gradient

Passive transport

moment of substances WITH the
concentration gradient
NO ENERGY USED!

Diffusion
moment of solute

Osmosis
movement of water

Hypertonic

- Higher solute OUTSIDE
-Higher water INSIDE

Isotonic

- Equal solute
- Equal water

Hypotonic

- Higher solute INSIDE
- Higher water OUTSIDE

1. Chemical Level

2. Cellular level

3. Tissue level

4. Organ level

5. System level

6. organism level

W

Biological pathways used to restore the system to
normal or to amplify a response

What is the feedback pathway?

Stimulus - the variable the
disrupts homeostasis

Control center (the brain) -
process the stimulus

Effector - the responce

Receptor - receives the stimulus

Subtopic

what is Homeostasis ?

Ability of a system to maintain the
"normal condition"

Should Know's: Recall the four modern imaging tools Should Do's 1. Discuss the uses, advantages, and drawbacks
of X-ray and MRI imaging.
2. Describe how the different tools are used for
diagnosis.

types of imaging

X-Rays

Advantage: Produces a high energy beam that
passes through soft tissue and strike bone tissue
but doesn't pass through

Disadvantages: patients able to develop cancer from
over exposure

Purpose: used to diagnose fractures and bone deficit
orders

CAT scans

advantages: Can make soft tissue visible
for diagnosis through the computer

Disadvantages: patients may experience anxiety
from the claustrophobic environment presented by
machines

Purpose: Used to view bone, muscle, tumors, and blood
vessels

MRI

Advantages: uses a magnetic field to generate and
image instead of radiation. 360-degree view of the body
region being investigated

Disadvantages: Patients having metal implants
can not be exposed to MRI

Purpose: Used to diagnose spinal cord injury, brain,
and nervous system disorders

PET

Purpose: diagnose heart disease, brain
abnormalities, cancer spread, infection, bone
and thyroid disease.