Agriculture & Environment

Environmental Factors

CLIMATE

Tropics

High temperature

Lot of rainfall

Many agricultural activities

Hot, wet tropical areas

Crops

Paddy

Rubber

Oil palm

Cocoa

Coconuts

Sugarcane

Temperate

Neither too warm nor too cold

Neither too wet nor too dry

Weather not extreme but changeable

4 seasons

Summer

Spring

Winter

Autumn

Temperature can be different from summer to winter

Tundra

Treeless land

Very low temperature (below 0 degree celcius)

Long, cold dark winter

Little water due to sunshine and freezing

Short growing season of vegetation

Dominant vegetation

Lichens

Grasses

Mosses

Crops or livestock hardly grown or raised

Types of Tundra

Arctic tundra

Antarctic tundra

Alpine tundra

Desert

Little precipitation

Vegetation very sparse

In day : Temperature very high

In night : Temperature very low

Agriculture possible with sufficient irrigation

WATER

Good drainage reduces the dangers of waterlogging

Average annual rainfall in Southern peninsular Malaysia : >3000mm

SOIL

Complex mixture of organic and inorganic components

Soil formation

Parent material

bedrock

solid rock

Weathering

processes that break down rocks and minerals and the first step in soil formation

physical

chemical

biological

Erosion

movement of soil from one area to another

Soil profile

Consist 6 layers called horizon

Click Google icon there to view image

Fertility is important

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Topography

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Environmental Issues