Energy Systems

Fuel: PC

Intensity: Max, >95%

Duration: 1-10 secs (dominant 1-5)

Yield: LOW (0.8-1 ATP)

Rate: Fastest

Fatigue: Fuel depletion or metabolic by-product

Recovery: Passive (3-10 minutes)

Sporting Examples: Shot put, sprinting, jumping

Fuel: Glycogen (glycolysis) or Lipids (lipolysis)

Intensity: Submax <85% or rest

Duration: 60 seconds+

Yield: High (glycogen - 38 and fats - 100+

Rate: Glycolysis (moderate) and Lipolysis (slow)

Fatigue: Fuel depletion, increased body temp and neuromuscular events

Recovery: Food, cool down and rest

Sporting examples: marathon, recovery time in sport, long duration

Fuel: Glycogen (NO O2)

Intensity: High, >85%

Duration: Up to 60 secs, used for repeated efforts
dominant 5-30 secs

Yield: 2 ATP

Rate: Fast

Fatigue: Metabolic By-products (lactic acid/H+)

Recovery: Active

Sporting examples: 400m sprint, repeated efforts in basketball, 100m freestyle

Energy systems work together to resynthesize ATP

Each are dominant/predominant at different times depending on:
- Intensity
- Duration
- Fatigue
- Recovery time

Fuel Depletion (ATP-PC and Aerobic Glycolysis):
No more fuel is left to resynthesis ATP

Need to rely on next energy system = Slower

Metabolic By-products (Anaerobic glycolysis and ATP-PC):
a by-product from ATP resynthesis with no oxygen that disrupts muscle function
Can be H+ (hydrogen ions) or Pi and ADP

H+ increases acidity of muscles which disrupts/weakens contraction
Build up of Pi or ADP interfers with muscle contraction

Contractions are weaker = less force
Need to slow down to use oxygen = slower

Increased body temperature

Can lead to sweating = decrease in plasma = heart has to work harder

Blood is redistributed to the surface of skin and away from working muscles where its needed (oxygen and nutrients)

Neuromuscular Events

Brain sends weaker signals or less signals in attempt to weaken or stop muscle contraction = have to stop or slow down

Active: Keeping heart rate and breathing rate above rest to ensure more oxygen is being consumed and transported to working muscle for recovery

Anaerobic Glycolysis

Passive: remaining still to restore PC

ATP-PC

Increase Tidal Volume: Size of breathe

Increase Respiratory Rate: Breathes per minute

Increase Ventilation: Amount of oxygen breathed in and out per minute

Increase diffusion: Amount of O2 moved from lungs to blood

Increased motor unit recruitment: motor units and neurons; messages sent from brain to create muscular contraction

Decrease fuels: Fuels are used to resynthesize ATP

Increase muscle temperature: due to the reactions of creating energy

Increase Lactate production: due to breaking down fuels for energy

Increased Heart rate: beats per minute

Increased Stroke volume: amount of blood pumped out per beat

Increased distribution to muscles: more blood delivered to muscles

Increased blood pressure: blood is pumped harder out of the hard

Increased AVO2 difference: the amount of oxygen taken in by the muscles

Decrease blood plasmae: The water component of blood - due to sweating

Increased venous return: blood coming back to heart

Anaerobic

INFORMATION

Aerobic

INFORMATION

Active

Nutrition

INFORMATION

Metabolic by-products

Fuel depletion

INFORMATION

Increase body temp