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Its
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Sovereignty
Many
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Resulted from
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And
It
During
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And the
Determined by
Originated in
Is
Today's nations
Is
Determined by
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In relation with
In relation with

Chapter 21: An Introduction to Geopolitics

Ideology

A set of beliefs determined by
nation followed on a daily basis.
Includes economic, political, and social goals

Basic Ideologies

Authoritarianism

Strict authority by the government with limited political and individual freedom

Absolute Monarchy

Authority given to the monarch
with no official leaders

Examples: Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Oman

One-Party Nation State

Only one political party exists
and have all political power

Examples: Libya, North Korea

Religious Nation State

Political power held by spiritual
leaders whose religious beliefs
form political framework

Examples: Iran, Afghanistan (1996-2001)

Military-Authoritarianism

Power is held by military officials
seized from an elected government

Examples: Algeria, Chile, Iraq

Democratic States

Citizens exercise political power by picking official leaders who advocate their wishes

Majority rules desicion-making system

Freedom of religion, assembly, expression, and the press guaranteed

Example: Canada, Australia, India

Communist State

Ownership of most goods is held
by the state and has some form
of authoritarian government

Examples: Cuba, Vietnam, North Korea

Nation State

A unique common identity adopted
by the people of the independent
nation, who possess sovereignty

Set apart by religion, history, language, customs, ethnicity, and community

Europe

Renaissance (late
1400s to early 1600s)

Changed people's
views on governance

Power usually resided in the hands of
a dynasty or single ruler within borders

Empires of Alexander the Great, Genghis Khan, ancient Rome, Northern Nigeria

Nation State Formation

Created between1900 and 1999

Decolonization of Africa, Asia,
the Caribbean, and Middle East

World War II

New nations established when
the Soviet Union broke up

Role Played by National Sovereignty

A legal concept with the ability to create policies and enforce laws within its borders without interference from other states

Canada

Arctic region is diminishing

Climate change

Northwest Passage seen as international waters by the U.S. and Russia instead of Canadian territorial waters

Canada's sovereignty being
challenged by the Arctic

Borders

The limit of a nation's laws and security, while branding a specific geographical
area with a national identity

Armed forces from one country cross the border of another without being invited,
the country's national sovereignty is being threatened

Borders are determined as a result of
negotiations between countries concerned

Globalization

The process of interaction and integration among people and the world's economical, financial, technological, geographical, cultural and political systems

Given a rise to a number of forces
that are weakening the concept of
national sovereignty

Geopolitics

When geography and politics have an effect on each other on either a national or international level.

Physical borders, environmental
boundaries, air and sea boundaries, etc.

Political Decisions

Climate/Environment

Population Size and Control

Trade Agreements

Military Alliances

Economy and Stability

International Conflict

Border Determining

Links from TV to radio to economical telephone across Canada

Conflicts

Mid 1940

1980s

United States and Soviet Union

Rivalry, distrust, and growing suspicion between ideologies used politically

Cold War

1947-1991

Economic incompatibility

Imperialism accusations

Economic, military, and political
influence exerted over a spherical
area of superpowers

After the Cold War

Created a relaxation of tension between
communist and democratic nations

Various forms of government were
adopted by the Soviet Union

Power blocs that deteriorated
to the point of war between
two relations

Has not brought an end to geopolitics