Maahi's Biology Connections

Cyclins control the progression of the cell cycle by binding to Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs)

Synthesis of an RNA sequence from DNA template

occurs in the nucleus

Polypeptide chain released from Exit site is inactive so it begins folding

Two nitrogenous bases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds

Cytosine ≡ Guanine

Adenine = Thymine (DNA)/Uracil (RNA)

Cholesterol

phospholipids: glycerol + 2 fatty acids + 1 phosphate group

Responsible for most of the human body functions

Metabolism: anabolism and catabolism

Regulation in body

Homeostasis: self-regulating process cells conduct to maintain stability while adjusting to changing external conditions

Enzymes are proteins

Connects nucleotides in DNA (CG/TA)

Protein Folding: stabilizes the 2°, 3° and 4° structure in proteins

Structural support to plant cells and fungi (cell wall)

Ribosomes: synthesize proteins and translate mRNA

Contains enzymes to catalyze the reactions that take place

Exocytosis and Endocytosis

Help regulate the cell shape change during cell division due to CDK

cholesterol reduces membrane fluidity and permeability

made up of phospholipids (hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails)

Centrioles: release spindle fibers that pull chromosomes apart

Multiple linear DNA molecules packaged with histone proteins (globular and wider than DNA forming nucleosomes)

One chromosome consisting of a circular DNA molecule made of naked DNA

May have additional plasmids to contain genes, often related to specific function

Cell Division: cells are only formed through the division of other cells

Most genes encode proteins but some don't (tRNA)

Insulin (hormone that controls blood sugar levels) can be obtained from the plasmid of E.coli

DNA coils around histones (proteins) forming nucleosomes which supercoil into chromosomes