Theories for Developing Online Learning Content (Murray)

Metacognition-An awareness of cognitive ability.

Learning is an internal process that involves memory, motivation, thining, and reflection. Information should be chunked and organized for proper processing.

Information from senses

Sensory store

Short-term memory storage

Long-term memory storage

Context of Online Learning

Use strategies to allow transfer into memory. Highlight critical information.

Allow retrieval of existing information from long-term memory

Organize content to prevent overloading

Accomodate varying learning styles

Learners should be motivated

Situaated Learning-The application of knowledge and skills in a specific context. Information is applied in many context.

Digital age learning theory

Information is not location-specific

Learning and working in a networked environment

Acquire new knowledge and skills on an ongoing basis

Learning occurs in a Global classroom

ARCS Model-(Keller)

Attention-Gain learner attention.

Relevance- Make content relevant to learner needs.

Confidence-Inform learners of expectations. Design for sucess.

Satisfaction-Provide feedback and allow learners to apply knowledge to real-world situations.

Cognitive psychology

Uses intrinsic or extrinsic motivational strategies to engage learners.

Learning is proven though a change in behavior

Used to teach the what, how, and why principles.

Context of Online Learning

Explain learning outcomes

Assess learners

Sequence learning materials

Provide feedback

Situated Learning

Active Discovery

Knowledge Construction

Personal reality learning through observatino, processing, and interpretation.

Transformative learning-Reflectively transforming beliefs, attitudes, opinions, emotional reactions.

Interacting context:

Frame of reference for learning

Conditions of communication

Process in which learning occurs

Self image of learner

Situation encountered during learning process

Context of Online Learning

Learning should be active

Learners should construct their own knowledge

Encourage collaborative and cooperative learning

Learners should control learning process

Give learners time to reflect

Make learning meaningful

Promote higher level learning and social presence

Information Processing

Cognitive Psychology-Processing of information

Information is processed in different parts of the brain. (Paivio)