SOUTH AMERICA

Oligarchy based on growing wheat and raising cattle. supported by army.

1946 Juan Domingo Perón

He established and authoritarian and populist regime.

1976 military took power headed by General Videla

1977 meeting in Plaza de mayo

1982 conflict with GB over the control of the Fakland Islands(islas malvinas)

1938 Raul Alfonsin

he inherited the effects of the 1982 crisis in Latin America

1989 Carlos Saul Menem

assumed duties in the midst a major economic crisis

made important changes to the constitution, presidental re-election

1999 Fernando de la Rúa

faced intense economic crisis

civil riots led him to resign

2007 Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner

first female president in argentina

wife former president Nestor Kirchner

was born as a result of portuguese colonization

military dictatorship caused by political and social inestability 1964-1985

1968 brazilian "economic miracle"

1985 external debt and inflation rate 800%

1989 Fernando Collor de Mello

won the first elections since 1960

two years later he resigned (corruption scandal)

2002 Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva

first leftist in four decades

2008 Brazil become south amercia largest economy

19 70 Salvador Allende

socialist party

he made radical reforms regarding agriculture and the expropiation and the nationalization or key industries sectors

the richer sectors allied with the military in a coup defeat to depose Allende

september 11, 1973 military coup led by General Augusto Pinochet

he ended the first democratically socialist government in Chile

he introduced the neoliberal model

1980n pressure by catholic church that condemned the abuse to human rights

1990 Patricio Aylwin became president

2006 Michelle Bachelet

first female president in chile

socialist and divorcé

students demanding better education

2010 Sebastian Piñera

first conservative to be elected after Pinochet

1968 Juan Velasco Alvarado

took over peru in a coup d'etat

agrarian reform and educational reform

nationalistic government

1975 military took control

economic crisis

1980 Fernando Belaunde Terry

civil government

shining path

1985 Alan Garcia

insurgence became bigger problem

1990 Alberto Fujimori

1992 "self-administered coup"

fought against terrorism

2001 Alejandro Toledo

first indigenous president

poorest country in south america

between 1978 and 1982, 10 different governments were in charge of the country(military ones including)

1985

hyperinflation reached unprecedent levels

mining industry was colapsing

banks almost had to close their doors

"el Niño" destroyed agricultar production

open door to drug trafficking (economic alternative)

Paz Estenssoro

he dismantled thestate owned mining industry

opened the door to foreign investment

1989 Paz Zamora

neoliberal policies

domestic production of food and raw materials

fear of loosing US support against drug traffic

2002 SAnchez de Lozada

peasant rebellion

he resigned next year

2005 Evo Morales

first bolivian president to come from indigenous descent

leftist reform

advocated to more taxes on the wealther population

more rights for the indigenous comunities

nationalization of the oil industry in 2006

railroads and mines 2007

economy growing

devaluation of boliviano under control

2009 re-elected

never affected by a dictatorship in the XX century

uninterrupted democracy since 1985

country´s economic dependence on oil revenues

Luis Herrera Campins and Carlos Andres Perez

had to deal with the defeated exports and increase on inflation capital flight and unemployment

Hugo Chávez 1998

he installed a populist regime with non expenses on education and food coupons

he won the support of the working class

2002 attempt to remove him from office

his government kept close ties with Cuba and Iran

2009 referendum where term limitations for presidency where eliminated

he could run for president in 2012

nationalization of key sectors of the industry with no regard to foreign assets involved in them

petroleum

telecommunications

electricity

steel

cement

elite of coffee plantation owners

"la violencia" 1946-64

Liberals vs Conservatives

ends with negotiation to share the power

National Liberation Army and Colombian Revolutionary Armed Forces were created

1970 drug cartels

Cali

Medellin

1980 unprecedent level of violence

1990 CEsar Gavina

liberal party

intrauration of neoliberalism

1200 US military assistance against drug trade

FARC got involved drug production

2002 Alvaro Uribe

start strong front against cartels and guerrilas

2006 reelected

conflict with ecuador when colombian army crossed the border to persecute the FARC

2010 Juan Manuel Santos

defense minister of alvaro uribe