Sustaining Terrestrial Biodiversity

what it can provide
(food, shelter, natural resources)

National Parks

Managed Resources

Habitat

Natural reserces
/wilderness

Protected landscapes
/seascapes

National Monuments

Multiple use lands

recreation

grazing

Timber Harvesting

Mining

Protected Areas

maintain watershed

wildlife/fish pop.

scientific/ historical significance

National Environmental
Pilicy Act(NEPA)

Environmental Impact Statement(EIS)

Environmental Mitigation Plan

Endangered Species Act

Fish and Wildlife Sercives

Tragedy of the Commons

common resources

without agreement
or regulation

overuse

overharvesting

deforestation

overgrazing

Externalities

Maximum Sustained Yeild

Clear-cutting
(timber-harvesting method)

Replanting( same age trees)

tree plantations（single species)

increases erosion

Selective-cutting

trees of varying age

optimum growth-shade
tolerent species

Ecologically sustainable forestry

maintaining all species
close to the natual state

animal power

Fire Management

prescribed burns

natural fires allowed

nutrients liberated from biomass

urbanized area that
spread into rural

Loss of agricultural land

Increase dependence on cars

highway construction

gas comsumption

increases pollution

Urban Blight

pop. shift to suburbs

decline in urban services