The Plantation of Ulster, Christmas Test

Gaelic society strong in Ulster

English government try to impose English law and he Protestant religion

Resistance by Hugh o Neill and Hugh o Donnell

Nine years war

Phillip II and spainish help

Battle of Kinsale 1601

Treaty of Melifont 1603

Flight of the Earls 1607

England controlled the pale, which was an area which spoke English around Dublin and surrounding areas.

Dermot Mc Murrough

King of leinster

Fights and loses to King of Ireland Rory o Connor

RIchard de clare/strongbow

English creates anglo irish

Marries dermots daughter and takes his land when he dies

Spoke irish

When a king passes, the family elects a new succesor

Brehon law was followed unlike the pale

Dressed in robes etc

Long hair, beards

King henry 8th basically offered protection as long as you swore loyalty, your land was his for now, provide him with money, the other downside was that if you betrayed him, death was the penalty

Was the policy of removing irish people from their lands and putting in loyal english settlers (planters) who would rent the lands from under the crown.

Queen mary

Used Black Rent, protection money, you paid them, they wouldn't attack you

Elizebeth I, daughter of henry the eighth

Is not happy with the earl of desmond because he is fighting with her friend the earl of Ormond

Imprisons him while she calls him over to England for a meeting

Nationalists

Want Independance

Unionists

Want to remain with the U.K

Society of Protestant, always commemorate the battle of the boyne

Irish Rebellion

Killed 12,000 settlers

1689

King William III vs Earl of ormond

Penal Laws

Anti Catholic and Presbyterian laws

Protestant Ascendancy

The people the catholic people paid rent to

king james, catholic, siege of derry

Catholics surrounded the city and blocked off the water

Religion declining

Brehon law gone

Gaelic culture declining

Land

Conflicts, see above

Symbols

Derry was renamed londonderry and split between 12 rich lords

Grid like, planned town

Walled city, cannons pointed towards the low bogside

Diamond: a square in the middle of the city

All the catholics lived outside it in the 'Bogside'

Scottish/Engllish men who agreed on conditions

6 euro per 1000 acres to the king

Depending of the size of the land they would build houses of various sizes and if you got a lot, you needed to build a castle,

Bawn: was the protective wall around the house/castle

Servitors were past military officials that needed paying. 10 euro per 1000 acres

Loyal Irish payed the most, 12.50 euro per 1000 acres

Raparees were poor Irish people who attacked the Servitors and Undertakers to survive

Donegal

Cavan

Derry

Tyrone

Fermanagh

Armagh

The irish that remained loyal were called, loyal irish, such as the O'Reillys of Monaghan

Create loyal protestant population

Protect England

Spread the religion

Pay other countries and soldiers using mostly Irish land

To spread English Culture

O donnell and o neill always fight

Gallowglaiss

Hugh o Neill

2nd earl of Tyrone, born in 1550

Brought up by English people and knows their tactics in armies and wars

Makes an alliance with the o donells, trains his tenants and prepares for wars.

9 Year War

Elizebeth tries to reduce independence by appointing English people

Ulster people win the 2 big battles because they use guerilla tactics against superior English forces. Battles of Yellow ford and clontibret

Earl of essex killed by Elizebeth because he had to made peace with the Ulster lads. Elizebeth appoins mountjoy instead.

Ireland gets help from Spain but they accidently land in Kinsale, co cork, O Neill and more go to help them in the middle of winter

Battle of Kinsale: Irish lose even with superior numbers, rebels escape with O Donnell, but Mountjoy makes them surrender at the treaty of Melifont in 1603 by starving them. He burnt their land and killed their cows. O Donnell went to Spain but was poisoned there and died.

Eventually O Neill and all leaders of Ulster leave on a boat, Flight of the Earls