Year 8

2a) identify changes that take place when particular forces are acting

7a) describe friction as a contact force which opposes motion7b) identify everyday situations where friction acts.

7b) identify everyday situations where the effects of electrostatic forces can be observed

8a) describe ways in which objects acquire an electrostatic charge2b) use the term ‘field’ in describing forces acting at a distance. 7c) describe the behaviour of charges when they are brought close to each other

1a) identify situations or phenomena in which different forms of energy are evident1b) use models to describe different forms of energy1c) identify objects that possess energy because of their motion (kinetic) or because of other properties (potential)

3a) associate electricity with energy transfer in a simple circuit3b) construct and draw circuits to show transfer of energy.4a) describe sound as a form of energy requiring a medium for propagation.5a) describe light as a form of energy not requiring a medium for propagation.6a) identify processes of heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation.

1d) qualitatively account for the total energy involved in energy transfers and transformations

TaskA: Students independently devise and design a first hand investigation that enables an understanding of the concept of friction as a force.friction video, friction lessonfriction and sliding block, friction appletTaskB: Students perform teacher-prepared first hand investigations and explain their observations in terms of the Electric Lines of Force Model eg balloons, water, electroscopes etcStudents evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of this model.electric field lines, electric fieldsFirst hand investigations using magnets and electromagnets. Complementary assessment task.Task: Students research the significance of the Law of Gravitation as an explanation of the motion and characteristics of celestial objects.Gravity and Gravitation, Gravitation appletTask: Students identify different forms of energy and devise/design models to describe the phenomena.Task: Students design and perform first hand investigations and label summative diagrams showing energy transfers in simple series and parallel circuits.construct dc circuitssound wavesem waves (radio), electromagnetic wavesem simple theorysimple theory heat transferExperimental investigations in conduction, convection and radiationTask: students research and identify technological applications of sound, light and heat transferStudents research the origin of the Law of Conservation of Energy and its significance to the Physical Sciences.applet Conservation of Mechanical EnergyBridges, trebuchets etc