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A

A/an is used:

in certain expressions when we want to show how often we do something

she goes shopping twice a month

with the verb have(got)

Mary has(got) a car

with singular countable nouns after the verb to be to say what someone/something is

It's a torch

He's a pilot

+ consonant sound(b,d,g,l,t,p,etc)

a cat

a human emotion

a game of gold

An

+vowel(a,e,u,o,i,etc)

an apple

an easy job

an honest man

The

The is used:

with adjectives/adverbs in the superlative form.(She is the most intelligent woman I've ever met.

with the words only ,last, first (used as adjectives) He was the last person to arrive.

with historical periods/events (the Stone Age, the Middle Ages, The First World War) But:World War 1.

with the words station, shop, cinema, pub, library, city, village)

with the world morning,afternoon and evening (He goes home in the evening)

with nationality words (the Belgians) , and names of families (the Johnsons)

with the name of hotels (the Sheraton hotel), theatrea/cinemas(the Odeon Theatre) ships (the Queen Mary) organisation (the UN), newspapers (The Times) and museum (the Louvre).

with the names of musical instrumets (the piano, the saxophone) and dances (the tango)

with the name of rivers (the Nile) , seas (the Black sea, oceans (the Indian Ocean) moutain ranges (the Pyrenees), deserts (the Gobi), groups of Islands (the Canary Island) and countrles when they include words such as state, kingdom, republic, (the United States)

with nouns witch are unique (the sun, the moon, the Earth)

The definite article the is used countable and uncountable nouns.

the trees

the woman

the music