Black Hills text set

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what caused the conflicts between the Lakota nation and United States of America?

American Expansionism

economic expansion

homestead act title and secondary source

railroad photo

a belief in cultural and racial superiority

1868 treaty

indians will take up farming

1887 Dawes Act

agree to live separate and apart from their tribe of origin and take up farming on a quarter section or less of land, assimilate

competion for economic resources

1874 Custer's 1874 Dispatch re: gold discovery

Editorials: Yankton and Dakotaian (After 1874)

will use the resources, those who make money from products of the land

discover valued resources

lakota perspective: was he authorized, or in violation of the treaty-- a source of conflict

1872 secratary Delano's letter

those who are willing to mine and log can lay claim to te land

occupants can be removed, ancestral claims extinguished

extiguishing the claim to the land is equivalent to"opening"

military strategy to extend US sovereighty and control over the continent

Harper's photo: killing for hides and secondary text

buffalo provide a supply chain for troops

1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie

within other geographic boundaries, to said indian nations, only for the purposes of hunting buffalo

only for as long as the buffalo exist there

buffalo are the only thing holding US to treaty obligations to hunting ground where buffalo are present

1881 General Sheridan's letter, 1881

a continuation of his scorched earth strategy from Civil War

killed off the buffalo and the indian

Spotted Tail and RedCloud (others) signed a treaty that said, within certain geographic boundaries, the land was for the absolute use and occupation of those indian nations named by the treaty.

right to pass only by authorization

who remain peaceful

1851 Treaty of Fort Laramie, 1851

resided there

would offer certain privileges and remain peaceful

can establish military posts and roads

conflicts arose over..

sovereignty

cultural (ecomomics, family structurepolitics, religion, values)

seasonal migration, hunter gatherer, pantheistic

industrial, monotheistic, agricultural, land as property,

leadership and representation (neither group monolithic, competing interests)

Sheridan V Legislature, Congress

Red Cloud v Crazy Horse

homesteads

military posts

sovereign control over territory

seasoinal migration routes, hunting rights

Bozeman trail

railroads

resources

buffalo

for Americans: hides for trade; supply chain for troops; hazard for railroads; treaty obligation to protect access to hunting grounds.

for Lakota, eocnomic self-sufficiency; trade, food, shelter.

lumber

gold

Lakota sovereingty

competing leadership

Killing Custer

leadership

tribal/ democratic

leaders appointed by acclaimation

Crazy Horse, Sitting Bull

culture

1933 Luther Standing Bear memoir (1874)

Lakota way of life

reservations were prisons

schools imposed painful accomodation, but not assimilation, attempted cultural annihilation, language death

right to occupy

1836 Studevart Map or Gallatain map of 1836

had an ancestral claim based on occupancy

Chief Ten Bears quote

prosperity of the tribe

buffalo, food, shelter