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UNIT 9
-Air freshener -A bottle of bleach -A cave house -Furniture -Messy -Modern interior -To move house -A priority -A rubbish bag -Running water -A shower curtain -Time-consuming -Wipes
Adjectives for describing places
-An attractive house -A comfortable room -A dark living room -A large bedroom -A light kitchen -A lively cafe -A modern kitchen -An old-fashioned house -A private garden -A quiet street -A shady garden -A small bathroom -A spacious kitchen -A sunny room
Modern Equipment
-Air conditioning -Central Heating -A computer -A dishwasher -A flat screen television -A freezer -A fridge -A microwave oven -An oven -A shower -A vacuum cleaner -A washing machine -A wi-fi router
PRESENT TENSE IF, WHEN AND OTHER TIME WORDS
When, as soon as, before and after
Before/After
-Remember to turn off all the lights before you go -After I graduate, I'll take time off to think about my future.
When/As soon as
-I'll phone you as soon as we arrive -I'll phone you when we arrive.
The first conditional
-IF CLAUSE (If we have time) -MAIN CLAUSE (We'll go and see Sarah)
We can change the position of the if clause and the main clause.
I'll tell you if anything unusual happens
We can also use other future forms or a modal verb in the main clause
If you're very good, I might buy you an ice cream
MAY, MIGHT, WILL DEFINITELY.
May/might
We use may/might to say it's possible that something will happen. The negative of these verbs is may not/ might to
-We may/might be out tomorrow evening -I may not/might not get there before 6 o'clock
Will probably
We use will probably when we are fairly sure something will happen. The negative of this phrase is probably won't
-We will probably be out tomorrow evening -I probably won't get there before 6 o'clock
Will definitely
We use will definitely when we are sure something will happen. The negative of this phrase is definitely won't
-We will definitely be out tomorrow evening -I definitely won't get there before 6 o'clock
UNIT 10
-An accident -An allergy -Bacteria -A broken arm/leg -A disease -An epidemic -To feel breathless -First aid -Hygiene -An illness -An immune system -An injury -A remedy -To suffer from allergies -A sysptom
Feeling ill
-To be sick -To feel sick -To have got a cold -To have got a cough -To have got an earache -To have got a fever -To have got a headache -To have got a sore throat -To have got a stomachache -To have got toothache -My ear/hand hurts -To sneeze
Accidents and Injuries
-To be allergic to -To become swollen -To break your arm/leg -To burn yourself -To come round -To cut your finger -To faint -To feel dizzy -To get a bee sting -To phone for an ambulance -To put a plaster -To stop the bleeding
USED TO
Notice that the habit or state is probably not true now. Or it may be true now.
I didn't use to like sport at school
We used to have a dog called Tilly
We use "used" to:
For feelings, thoughts, ideas, etc. in the past
I used to be afraid of the dark
For actions that happened many times in the past (habits)
He used to wait for me at the school gates
PAST CONTINUOUS
When two actions happened one after the other, we use the Past simple for both actions
When I heard the crash, I ran to the of the street.
We use when, while and as to join the Past continuous and Past simple parts of a sentence
I saw Karl when/while/as I was waiting at the bus stop
Sometimes the other action in the past simple interrupts the action in the past continuous
I was crossing the road when I slipped on some ice.
We often use the past continuous to describe the background situation in a story
The sun was shining and everyone was getting ready for the party that.........
We use the Past continuous to talk about actions in progress
When another (completed) action happened
I was driving home when I saw a friend of mine
At a certain time in the past
I was driving home at 6:30 this evening
UNIT 8
-A capital city -Climate -A continent -Fresh water -A home town -In the (west) of -On the (north) coast -Permanently -Remote -Situated -A solar farm -Spectacular scenary -Temperature -(Un)inhabited -Unspoilt
Geographical Features
-A beach -A coast -A desert -A forest -A hill -An island -A mountain -A mountain range -An ocean -A river -A sea -A valley
City life
-Carbon-neutral -A city centre -A cycle lane -Green space -A high-rise apartment block -A one-way street -A pedestrian zone -Public transport -A recycling bin -A residential area -A shopping mall -Traffic congestion -Traffic lights
QUANTIFIFIERS WITH COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Some, any and other quantifiers
With uncountable nouns
(not) much, too much
-He hasn't got much money -There's too much noise in here
Whit plural nouns
(not) many, too many, a few
-There were too many people in the room -I've got a few pens in my bag
With plural nouns and uncountable nouns
some,(not any), no, a lot of, (not) enough
-There are some cakes on the table -There is a lot of traffic today
Uncountable nouns
Uncountable nouns do not have a plural form
-Traffic -Scenery -Nighlife
Countable nouns
Countable nouns have a singular and a plural form
-Mountain/Mountains -Table/tables -Person/people
USING ARTICLES
Use of zero article
We do not use "a", "an" or "the" (zero article)
with many places
-Continents -Cities -Mountains -Roads/streets -Countries -Lakes -Hills -Islands
with the names of people and nationalities
-Michael and Jane are coming for dinner later -American people eat a lor of fast
When we talk about things/people in general
Dogs make very good pets
Use of the
We use "the" with some place names
-Oceans and seas -Rivers -Mountain ranges -Countries which are republics or unions
We use the with superlative forms
The Nile is the longest river in the world
We use the when there is only one of something
-The sun -The Earth -The Pope
We use the to refer to a specific thing/person
The man in the black coat is looking and you
We use the to refer to something/someone we have mentioned before
When I went back, the vase wasn't there anymore!
Use of a and an
We use a or an for the first time we mention something
I saw a beautiful vase in an antique shop the other day
UNIT 7
-An achievement -An ambition -To be confident -To be interested in business -A blog -A computer game designer -Confidence -A dream -An ecologist -A film addict -Inspiration -To inspire -An internet user -A multi-millionarie -To perform in public -To set your goals high -To sponsor -A volunteer
Verb phrases about ambitions
-To appear on television -To become famous -To buy a house or flat -To earn 1 million -To get married -To go abroad -To go round the world -To go to University -To have children -To learn how to drive -To start your own business -To write a book
The Internet
-A blog -to download -a hit -an online community -to post -to search -a social-networking site -to upload -a video-sharing site -a website
PAST SIMPLE
We use the Past simple with for to talk about a past action or state in a period of time which is finished.
I was in New York for two weeks
PRESENT PERFECT
We use the present perfect to talk about the past and present together
-I have met Daniel before -He has left the country.
We form the present perfect with have/has + past participle.
?
-Have I/You/We/They finished won? -Has He/She/It finished?
-
-I/You/We/They haven't finished won. -He/She/It hasn't finished won
+
-I/You/We/They have finished won. -He/She/It has finished won.
UNIT 14
To ask for assistance To be greedy ( about money) To be a waste of money A billionarie Can/ can't afford Financial success For and against In total despair To insert An internet auction company A millonarie On one hand On the other hand PIN: ( Personal Identification Number) To refuse To scan A Stockbroker A tip To win a prize /a bet
Verb phrases about money
To borrow from To earn To inherit To lend to To lose To pay a fine To pay back To save up (to buy a...) To spend To win
Money
Bank notes A bill A cashpoint machine Change Coins A credit card An exchange rate Foreign currency A purse A receipt A wallet
Narrative tenses
We use the past simple to talk about the main events in a story
We use the past perfect to talk about actions which happened before the main events in a story
We use the past continuos to talk about actions in progress at a certain time in the past
Past Perfect
It's used we use the past perfect to show that one action happened before another in the past, and that the first action finished before the secondo action started
Subject + had + past participle
He had worked here before We had eaten before you came
UNIT 13
An "arranged" marriage Audition Divorce A flamate To fall in love To earn a good Shared values To do things for myself
Personal characteristic
Affectionate Ambitious Easy-going Hard-working Honest Open Organised Patient Reliable Sensitive Sociable
Getting a job
To apply online Computing skills An education To fill in an application form To go for an interview A job vacancy To look for a job To write a CV
Present Perfect Simple
It is used mainly to talk about a past action linked to the present, such as an observation, or an action whose continuity we see in the present.
Subject + have/ has + past participle
We have worked a lot
Present Perfect Continuos
It is used to talk about events that happened in the past and continue to the present
Subject + have/ has + been + v. ing
I've been learning a new language
UNIT 12
Vocabulary
A logo Jewellery Fashionable A slogan Comfortable Highly recommended Toiletries A target market
Personal teams
Hair gel Lipstick Cosmectis A comb Deodorant Earrings An eyeliner A razor A hairbrush
Types of product
Accessories Chocolate bars Clothes Coffee and pastries Electronic goods Electronic mail Fast food Soft drinks Trainers
Past simple passive
It can be used
It is used in the same way as in the present simple passive, however it is more formal or in news.
It's formed with
Subject + was/were + past participle
The bank was robbed by a group of robbers
Present simple passive
It can be used : It can be used when the action falls on the complement and not on the subject who performs it
When the information is unknown or when it talks about something in general
It is formed with:
Subject + am/is/are + past participle -If we want to say who or what is the "doer" of the action, we use by: Tomatoes are picked by farmers
UNIT 11
GRAMMAR
VOCABULARY
vocabulary is an important part of studying the English language, as it helps us express ourselves better
Other
A hobby A pet To go to the hairdresser's Job satisfaction On a camping holiday On a desert island Physical work A public perfomance To research A risk of heart disease To sing in a choir
Survival items
A battery A blanket A mirror A rope Suncream Sunglasses A tent A torch A knife Bottled water Matches A compass A survey Insect repellent
Adjectives with dependet prepositions
Afraid of Full of Good at Interested in Different from Keen on Similar to Suitable for Surprise about Worried about
Conditional sentecens with would
We use this conditional when we talk about imaginary things or situations or something that we would like to happen
The structure of this form is: If + Past simple + would ( n't) + infitive without to
If i had money, I'd travel a lot
Use of like and would like
We use like to talk about thnigs the we enjoy, and love to talk about things we enjoy a lot. It is important to say that like is used in this way:
- I like dancing with my father like + v.ing
Other verbs that can use this form are: enjoy, love, hate.
We use would like to talk about things we want, and it's a polite way. It's is important to would like is used in this way:
I would like to travel to Europe I'd would like to travel... would like + to verb.
