Earthquakes

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Earthquakes

LQ2 - Japan tsunami 2011

Long term effects

Fishing & tourist industry affected

radioactive contamination

300 tonnes radioactive water leaks from plant daily - Pacfic Ocean

Affect marine life

Governament

import large amounts of fossil fuels to meet electricity needs

€70 billion per year deficits

138,000 building destroyed

Death

Nuclear Power Plant

level 7 meltdown

Infrastructure destroyed

road & rail

over 20,000

Short term effects

Towns washed away

Aftershock- magnitude 6.0 or greater

farmlands under water

Tsunami - 6m high

10km inland

Tsunami - 8m uptrust of 180km seabed

Epicenter 130km east of city of Sendai

Earthquake Focus 30km below sea floor

10km deep trench - Japan Trench

Magnitude 9

Plates - Pacific subducts Eurasian Plate

Destructive Plate Boundary

11/03/2011

LQ3 - Tectonic Cycle and distribution of earthquakes

Passive Plate Boundary

Example: 1960 San Fran - San Andres Fault Line - 1300km long

North Westerly Direction

Pacfic plate and N. America plate slide past eachother

Pacfic Pate 5cm a year

Destructive Plate Boundary

Pacifc plate subducts Eurasian Plate

Japan 2011

LQ1 - Preventing

Government's

Prepare rescue & recovery plans

Earthquake proof buildings

Protect building - structural damage

Earthquake drills

LQ1 - Predicting

Seismometers

vibrations in the earths crust

Crustal Stress levels

holes 1.5km deep

Oil & water levels

rising levels = ground under pressure

Radon Gas Emissions

escape from earths crust

Unusual animal behavior

Ground tilting

Lasers

Recording and Measuring Earthquakes

Seismographs

detect waves

Richter Scale

Energy released

Magnitude

Modified Mercalli Scale

intensity and effects

Def

Parts of an earthquake

Subtopic

Tremor

Epicenter

Focus

Vibrations or tremors in the earths crust caused by the movement of the plates in the mantle