Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

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Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes

Binary fission

chromosome is duplicated before division

2 cells with identical genetic composition

50 kinds of protein

composed of 3 kinds of rRNA

smaller size

Circular and has no ends

not formed into chromosomes

Plasmids

only one circular DNA molecule

"naked" and has no histones

Located in the cytoplasm

no cytoplasmic streaming

no cytoskeleton

consist of 2 protein building blocks

not complex

Proton driven

Rotary movement

doesn't have RNA processing

sigma factors are needed to start

needs a DNA sequence called pribnow box to start

Carried out by a single RNA polymerase

No membrane bound organelles

No true nucleus

0.2-2.0 mm in diameter

Eukaryotes

Cell division

Mitosis

movements directed by microtubules

each daughter cell receives copy of original DNA

replicated chromosomes positioned in middle of cytoplasm then segregated

Use special enzyme called telomerase

Ribosomes

80 kinds of protein

composed of 5 kinds of rRNA

larger size

DNA

Linear

Organized into chromosomes

contains a number of chromosomes

Complexed with "histones"

Located in the nucleus

Flagella

consist of multiple microtubules

Complex

ATP driven

Bending movement

Gene expression

undergoes RNA processing

spliceosome catalyzes the reaction

takes out the introns and keeps exons

Transcription

transcription factors needed to initiate process

needs DNA sequence called the promoter to start

carried out by 3 types of RNA polymerases

Nucleus

Covered by nuclear envelope

Has distinct nucleus

Size of cell

10-100mm in diameter