Terms

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Terms

Intermolecular Forces of Attraction

Dipole-Dipole and Dipole-Ionic

Polar molecules and ionic compounds have a positively and negatively charged side. Positive sides of a molecule will attract to negative sides of another molecule and vice versa.

London Dispersion Forces

Electrons are not always evenly distributed around atoms, moments in which there are more electrons in an area will create a negative charge, attracting positively charged objects. Similarly, the lack of electrons in an area will create a slight positive charge

Attractive or Repulsive forces between different molecules.

Functional Groups

Examples

Common Functional Groups

Atomic groupings that induce certain properties when they are a part of a molecule.

Hydrogen Bonding

When hydrogen bonds with an extremely electronegative element, it creates a very strong dipole.

"Very electronegative element" is usually oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen.

Polarity

Non-Polar

Non-Polar Molecule

A molecule without a dipole. The molecule does not have a clear positive or negative side.

Non-Polar Bond

A bond in which the atoms do not have a significant electronegativity difference. Electrons “favor” both atoms fairly equally.

Polar

Polar Molecule

A molecule with polar bonds arranged in a way so that the entire molecule has a dipole, one side of the molecule is slightly more positive or negative than the other.

Polar Bond

Bonds in which the bonded atoms have a sizable enough electronegativity difference to cause electrons to “favor” a certain atom. The more electronegative atom will be slightly negatively charged.