Kategorien: Alle - methods - instruction - publishing - support

von Belinda Eliana Vor 2 Monaten

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The Secret Life of Methods

Educational methodologies have evolved significantly, shifting emphasis from content to innovative teaching methods that mirror the creators' educational philosophies. Different syllabuses, such as notional-functional and structural, cater to various communicative and grammatical needs.

The Secret Life of Methods

The Secret Life of Methods

The secret life of methods

CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT CONCERNS

Experimental Design Importance
Comparison of pre-test and post-test results.
True experimental design needed to validate method effectiveness.
Accountability and Evaluation
Examples of Evaluative Studies: Wagner and Tilney's study on Suggestopedy and Superlearning. Need for empirical research on communicative language teaching methods.
Studies often lack rigorous evaluation designs.
Importance of empirical evidence to support method effectiveness.
Curriculum Development Phases
Many methods lack empirical validation. Effective curriculum development requires rigorous evaluation and evidence-based practices,

Evaluation (Formative, Summative)

Selection of Learning Experiences

Task Analysis

Situation Analysis

Needs Analysis

Goal Setting

ADOPTION AND INFLUENCE OF METHODS

SUPPORT NETWORK
Academic and Institutional Support

Influence of university adoptions and educational agencies.

Methods need legitimacy from academics and educational institutions.

PUBLISHING INFLUENCE
PERISH
PUBLISH

Role of Publishers

Independent Presses

Less influence, often self-published.

Examples: Asher’s, Curran’s, Gattegno’s methods.

Influence method adoption through widespread dissemination. Prefer methods that can be easily marketed via textbooks.

Examples: Notional-Functional, Communicative approaches.

FORM AND PRESENTATION
Teacher-Dependent Methods

Examples: Lozanov's and Gattegno's methods.

Lower adoption rate due to the need for training.

Requires special training.

MATERIALS-BASED METHODS

Examples: Audiolingual, Communicative.

Text-based methods have a higher adoption rate.

Textbooks embodying principles.

HISTORICAL CONTEXT

INNOVATIONS
Newer approaches emphasize communicative functions and learner-specific needs

the notional-functional syllabus and English for Specific Purposes (ESP)

EARLY METHODS
Focused on vocabulary and grammar, leading to structured approaches like the structural-situational and aural-oral methods.

Innovative Methods

Individual Philosophies
Each method reflects the creator's beliefs about learning
Emphasis on Instruction
Less focus on content, more on teaching methods

The Instructional-Theory Route

Syllabus as an Outcome
Teacher-developed syllabuses
Syllabus develops from instructional procedures
Psycho-Linguistic Theory
Learning strategies Conditions for effective learning

Methods Examples:

Silent Way Problem-solving and minimal teacher intervention

Counseling-Learning (C-L) Emotional support and community

Total Physical Response (TPR) Language linked to physical actions

THE SYLLABUS ROUTE

Lexico-Structural vs. Communicative Approaches
Shift from traditional to communicative
Notional-Functional Syllabuses
Emphasis on functions and situations
Communicative needs (e.g., ESP, Threshold Level)
STRUCTURAL SYLLABUSES
Vocabulary-focused
Grammar-focused (e.g., Structural-Situational, Audiolingual)

PERSPECTIVES ON METHODS

ADOPTION AND INFLUENCE
influence the popularity of methods
LEARNING CENTERED
Emphasize how people learn. prioritizes instructional strategies and teacher-student interactions. Ex:Total Physical Response (TPR) and the Silent Way
LANGUAGE CENTERED
Focus on grammar and vocabulary, such as the structural-situational and audiolingual approaches, which emphasize systematic syllabuses
CURRICLUM DEVELOPEMENT