5 research methods
Correlation
defienition
non-experimental
variables not manipulated
summarizing data
strengths
prediction bases
immpractical
unethical to manipulate
limitations
not prove causation
systematic realtion
example
risk factors for substance abuse
Experimental
description
independent variables (changable)
highly controlled conditions
dependent variables (measured for change)
strengths
cause, effect relationships
highly controlled procedure
keeping all variables constant
limitations
only when practical and ethical
lab setting highly controlled
example
Stanley Milgram Experiment - Will people obey orders, even if clearly dangerous?
Naturalistic observation
description
nonexperimental approach
takes prolonged period
subjects not directly interfered
strengths
observed in normal state
limited lab setting
validate theoretical concepts using nature
limitations
takes time
observing behavior without disturbing it
no controlled conditions
example
sex differences in children risk - taking behavior
Survey
description
no direct observation
data collected through interviews
self-report
strenghts
used on large number of subjects
used in social natural sciences
collecting data on behavioral aspects
limitations
self report method
maybe inaccurate
descriptive not explanatory
example
the mercalli earthquack scale
Case study
description
descriptive study
collecting, examining observations
biographical data
in-depth studies
strengths
detailed contextual view
understand social, familial factors
when experimental studies not done
limitations
no controlled conditions
rely on descriptive infromation
involve few individuals
example
types of explosive volcanic eruptions