Concept Map 1

Chemical Bonds

Intramolecular Interactions

Dipole-Dipole

Ion-Dipole

Hydrogen Bonding

Van der Waals

Hydrophobic Interactions

Water Properties

Temperature Based

High Heat of vaporization

Expands when Freezing

Denser as a liquid

High Specific Heat

Structure Based

Universal Solvent

High Surface Tension

Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic Interactions

Intermolecular Forces

Covalent (electrons shared)

Electronegativity

>2.5

Polar

<2.5

nonpolar

Ionic (electrons transferred)

Eukaryotic/ Prokaryotic Cells

Domains of life

Archaea

Extremophiles

Extreme thermophiles

methanogens

Extreme Halophiles

Bacteria

Components

Nucleoid

Ribosomes

Plasma Membranes

Flagellum

Cell Wall

Fimbrae

Eukarya

Double Membrane Bounded

Animal Cells

Centrosome

region where microtubules are initiated

Flagellum

Lysosomes

Where macromolecules are hydrolized

Plant Cells

Chloroplast

converts energy of sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar cells

Plasmodesmata

channels through cell walls that connects the cytoplasm of adjacent cells

Central Vacuole

used for storage, breaking down waste & hydrolysis of macromolecules

Cell Wall

maintains cell shape and protects cells from mechanical damage

Cells in plants and animals

Mitochondria

where cellular respiration occurs and ATP is generated

Plasma Membrane

Golgi Apparatus

responsible for the synthesis and secretion of a cells products

Cytoskeleton

microfilaments

microtubules

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Nucleus

Nuclear Envelope

Nucleolus

Chromatin

Biomolecules

DNA/RNA

Polymer

Phosphodiester Linkage (5,3)

DNA= 2x strand
RNA= 1 strand

Monomer

Nucleic Acids

Pentane Sugar

Deoxyribose=DNA

Ribose=RNA

Nitrogenous Base

DNA

A,T,C,G

RNA

U

Phosphate Group

Proteins

Monomer

Amino Acids

Peptide Bonds

Structure

Primary

Secondary

Alpha + Beta Structures

H-Bonds

Tertiary

R group interactions

Disulfide Bonds

Quatenary

multiple tertiary protiens

Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides

Ketoses

Trioses (3C)

Pentoses (5C)

Hexoses (6C)

Aldoses

Disaccharides

Sucrose (glucose+fructose)

Lactose (glucose+galactose)

Maltose(glucose+glucose)

Polysaccharides

Storage

Starch (plants)

Amylose

Unbranched

a (1,4) glycosidic linkages

helical structure

Amylopectin

Branched

a (1,4), a (1,6) glycosidic linkages

helical structure

Glycogen (animals)

Extensively Branched

a (1,4), a (1,6) glycosidic linkages

helical structure

Structural

Cellulose

No branching

b (1,4) glycosidic linkages

linear structure

Lipids

Triglycerides (Fats)

Structure

Glycerol

fatty acids (3)

Saturated

No double bonds

solid at room temp.

Unsaturated

double bonds

liquid at room temp.

Phospholipids

Structure

glycogen

2 fatty acids

phosphate group

Function

forms phospholipid bilayers in cell membrane

amphipathic

Steroids

Structure

4 fused carbon rings

Cholesterol

High-Density Lipoprotein

helps remove excess cholesterol by taking it to the liver for excretion

Low-Density Lipoprotein

deposits extra cholesterol in blood cells which can lead to plaque buildup.

Hormones