Concept Map 2

Doesn't Require Oxygen

When oxygen is not present, pyruvate is reduced and forms lactate and recycled back into NAD+ allowing glycolysis to continue. In Lactic Acid fermentation CO2 is not formed.

When there is no O2, pyruvate forms acetaldehyde and is reduced to ethanol where CO2 is released.This reduced electrons from NADH allowing glycolysis to continue.

Requires Oxygen

1st Step:Glucose to Glucose-6-Phosphate with the enzyme hexokinase. 3rd Step:Fructose-6-Phosphate to fructose-1-6-phosphate with the enzyme phosphofructokinase.Output:2 Net ATP2 Pyruvate2 NADH

Pyruvate Oxidation requires oxygen.Pyruvate makes:1 Acetyl CoA 1 NADH

Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle/TCA Cycle)Step 1:Acetyl CoA and Oxaloacetate go together and make Citrate.Step 3:Isocitrate becomes ketoglutarateOutput:1 ATP3 NADH1 FADH2

This process is broken down into two parts, the Electron Transport Chain(ETC) and Chemiosmosis.

This process includes:Complex IComplex IIComplex IIIComplex IVComplex QCycNADH gives an electron to complex one turning it into NAD+. FADH2 gives electron to Complex 2, turning into FAD. They both give their electrons to Q, from Q to complex III, Complex III to Cyc, then to complex IV and given to oxygen where it makes water(H2O). Complexes I, III, and IV are proton pump which pump out H+ into the intramitochondrial space when the electrons are being passed around.

Once many H+ exits into the intramitochondrial space through the ETC, ATP synthase allows H+ to go back into the matrix in through facilitated diffusion in attempt to even out on both sides. This takes ADP turning it into ATP.