Block 2

Bacilli

Enteric

Cyto Oxidase

Enterobacteriaeceae

Characteristics

Spores

Catalase

Organisms

E. Coli

Shigella

Salmonella

Klebsiella

Yersinia

Zoonotic

Fleas

Rats

Endemic in Southwestern U.S.

Plague

Bubonic

Bubo

Swollen lymph node

Pneumonic

Virulence Factors

Yops

YopH

YopE

YopM

prevents platelet aggregation by interacting with thrombin

Halophilic

Is it halophilic?Is it a facultative anaerobe?Does it ferment carbs?

Vibrio

V. cholereae

V. parahaemolyticus

V. vulnificus

V. alginolyticus

Urease

Does it have the enzyme urease?Does it lead to type B gastritis?Does it cause duodenal ulcers?

H. Pylori

Campylobacter

Different from Vibrios because:1) Microaerophilic2) Resistant to many antibiotics3) Very small4) No carb metabolism5) Not halophilic

C. jejuni

Clinical

Symptoms

Bloody stool

Fecal leukocytes

10+ bowel movements per day

Sequelae

Guillain-Barre syndrome

Acute demyelinating disease of the PNS

Epidemiology

Poorly cooked food

Chicken

Meats

Milk

Summer / Early fall

Endemic worldwide

Treatment

Oral rehydration

Self-limiting

Ciprofloxacin

Adults

Erythromycin

Children

Thermophilic

C. fetus

Epidemiology

Immunocompromised

Rare

Often fatal

Systemic bacteremia

Characteristics

Microaerophilic

Very small

Comma-shaped

Spores

Motile

Metabolism

Carbohydrates

Catalase

Oxidase

DNA % G+C ratio

Antibiotics

Non-enteric

"Fruity aroma"

P. aeruginosa

Diplococci

Neisseria

Species

Petechiae on trunk/appendages

N. meningitidis

Antiphagocytic polysacc capsule

No Vaccine!

W135

Attachment pili

N. gonorrheae

Men

Women

Virulence Factors

Por

intracellular survival

inhibits phagolysosomal fusion

Phase Variation

allows escape from humoral immune responses.

Pilin

initial attachment

Opa

invasion

RMP

protects other surface antigens from bacteriocidal Ab

Antiphagocytic capsule

Characteristics

Motility

Spores

Virulence

LOS

IgA protease

prevents opsonization

Coccobacilli

Characteristics

Endotoxin

Nonenteric

Organisms

Whooping Cough

Bordetella pertussis

Virulence

Adhesins

Fha

Filamentous hemagglutinin

Ptx

Pertussis toxin

Toxins

Ptx

Pertussis toxin

Adenylate cyclase / hemolysin

Tracheal cytotoxin

ciliostasis

Endotoxin

Dermonecrotic toxin

Subtopic

Francisella

F. tularensis

Haemophilus

H. influenzae

Legionella

Anaerobes

Bacilli

Gram (+)

Spores

Clostridium

C. difficile

Clinical

Compare to Campylobacter jejuni.

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea

Pseudomembranous colitis

Bloody stool

Fecal leukocytes

Toxin test

Gold standard for diagnosis

CCF agar

CCFA = cycloserine-cefoxitin-fructose agar

Soil

C. perfringens

Wound infections

Most common cause of wound infections among the clostridium species.

Gas gangrene

C. tetani

Tetanus

Trismus

Lockjaw

C. botulinum

Botulism

Epi

Adults

Improperly canned veggies

Spores are ingested.

Children

Honey

Symptoms

Nausea

Blurred vision

Weakness of UE

Propionibacterium

Actinomyces

Lactobacillus

Mobiluncus

Less important

Eubacterium

Bifidobacterium

Rothia

Gram (-)

Pigmented

Vancomycin

Prevotella

Porphyromonas

Kanamycin

Bacteroides

B. Fragilis

Most common & the most important anaerobic pathogen!!!

Diverticulitis

Treatment

Penicillin

Surgical debridement

Meds

stabilize beta-lactam with a beta-lactamase inhibitor.

Imipenem

Metronidazole

Piperacillin/tazobactam

Characteristics

Growth in 20% bile

Gram-stain

V.I.P.

Vacuolization

Irregular

Pleomorphic

Superoxide dismutase

Fusobacterium

Cocci

Gram (+)

Peptostreptococcus

Anaerobic streptococcus

Gram (-)

Veillonella

Foul smelling discharge

From the short-chain fatty acids

Gas in tissues

Gas usually located near a mucosal surface

Obligate Intracellular Parasite

Chlamydia

Species

C. trachomatis

Clinical

Women

Cervical infection

Asymptomatic

Increased HIV susceptibility

Fallopian Tube

P.I.E.

PID

Infertility

Ectopic Pregnancy

Infants

Conjunctivitis

Self-limiting

Pneumonia

Men

Urethritis

Painful urination

Reactive arthritis

Reiter's syndrome

C. psittaci

C. pneumoniae

Epi

STD in U.S.

Preventable Blindness

Life-cycle