History of Animation

Sold by the thousands to the households of the industrial age.

Popular entertainment during the 19th century

Motion pictures

Animated phase were marketed on both disk and
cylinder machine

During the first half of the 20th century, the techniques of drawing on paper and photographing evolved into a cartoon animation.

Metamorphis is the changing of the one shape to another.

Use Metamorphosis, a shape transformation in which an animated outline magically transitioned from one object to another.

The first registration systems for drawings used optical crosshairs or bullseyes drawn on paper but this approach was soon superseeded by a mechanical pegbar registration system credited to BARRE (1914)

The registration of the recording medium -35mm film is more difficult.

the solution requires standardization with strict tolerances so that the Pert Holes in the film match exactly to mechanical Registration pins in the camera shuttle (1912)

Strategy emerged at the BArre studio called the slash system in which scenes were printed in mass in transcluent paper (1914).

The animation camera stand one final piece of the filmmaking technology emerged during the teens, completing the basic technology. This was a special effect called the Travelling matte shot , invented by American Frank William (1918).

First generation of the celluloid cinematographers

3 Technical paths of motion picture development

1. Live Action
- Record real people and places
- actor on set

2. Animation
- Employs discrete drawing or adjustable physical 3D models and a static and single frame ( stop motion ) camera.

3. Trick Film
- Uses to cinematic vehicles (aka special effects) to create an illusion.

Disney encouraged the process of animatimating by extremes, the animator drew only the key positions.

The intermediate drawings between the poses were drawn by an assistant called inbetweener.

Disney then introduced the storyman , who wrote the scripts and storyboarded the action and incorporates the pencil test as routine procedure.

The 1930s and 1940s are also a period of experimentation with still other techniques, including directly drawig on film , the use of a sand on glass,the slice wax block and the pinscreen (1934).