Infanticide in Primates

Prevalance of infanticide in the primate species as a whole, leads us to believe that this is part of our natural selection.

Definition: The act observed in certain cultures of intentionally causing the death of newborns shortly after their birth due to various reasons, including societal norms or considerations, often driven by circumstances perceived as rendering the infants undesirable.

Comparison with Other Primate Societies

Observations in fission-fusion societies (e.g., chimps)

Cooperation in raising offspring observed in some primate groups

Examples from other animal species (e.g., ducks) practicing forced procreation

Evolutionary adaptations to cope with forced procreation in certain species

Reasons for Infanticide in Primates

Males' desire to reproduce with females who have already given birth

Resource competition among males

Changes in hierarchy within primate groups

Social pathology and exploitation within primate societies

Evolutionary Perspectives

Ongoing debate: Is infanticide a sign of dysfunction or a normal part of primate groups?

Ethical Considerations

Challenges in balancing research objectives with ethical concerns

The impact of human intervention on natural events in primate groups

Primate Species and Social Structures

Examples of primate species: apes, chimps, humans, baboons, langurs

Emphasis on harem structures (one male, many females)

Infanticide Rates in Harem Structures

The majority of infanticides occur in one-male groups.

Shortening inter-birth period for females in estrus

Evolutionary instinct: increasing chances of passing on male's DNA.

Impact on Females in Harem Structures

Limited options for females to protect their offspring

Strategies employed by females, e.g., mating with multiple males to confuse paternity

Evolutionary adaptations and counter-strategies by females

Conclusions based on Reasoning

Recognition of infanticide as a complex and debated topic

Acknowledgment of the role of evolutionary pressures in shaping primate behavior