MMP-2013

MMP-2008 began with the objective to assess the nature of media access to political parties and their candidates, balance in the coverage of their viewpoints, the range and adequacy of voters' education programs, the representation of Election Commission and communication of its messages, and the observance of Election Code of Conduct by the mass media.Brunei - - - - -CambodiaParliamentary 27-Jul-08 COMFREL, NICFEC EU, ANFREL -Commune Council 03-June-12 COMFREL, NICFEC ANFREL Cambodian IndonesiaRegional (Aceh)11-Dec-06 and 4-Mar-07??? EU, ANFREL -Presidential 08-Jul-09 - - -Legislative 09-Apr-09 ??? ANFREL, Carter Center* -Regional (West Papua) 20-Jul-11 ??? ANFREL -Regional (Aceh) 09-Apr-12 KIP ANFREL -Lao PDRParliamentary 30-Apr-06 - - -Parliamentary 30-Apr-11 - - -MalaysiaParliamentary 08-Mar-08 - - -Permatang Pauh by-election 26-Aug-08 NIEI ANFREL -Kuala Terengganu byelection07-Jan-09 NIEI - -Parliamentary Before 27-Jun-13 ??? ??? Jom PantauMyan Parliamentary 07-Nov-10 - TACDB** Burma Referendum 10-May-08 - - -By-Elections 01-Apr-12Election Monitoring Network (88 Generation Students)ASEAN -PhilippinesLegislative 14-May-07 NAMFREL ANFREL -Regional (Mindanao) 08-Aug-08 ??? ANFREL -Presidential & Legislative 10-May-10 NAMFREL***, PPCRVANFREL, Carter Center*Vote ReportPhilippinesSingaporeParliamentary 07-May-11 - - -Parliamentary 06-May-06 - - -Presidential 27-Aug-11 - - -ThailandParliamentary (Nat’l Assembly)02-Apr and 23-Apr-06 ??? - -Parliamentary (Senate) 19-Apr-06 ??? - -Referendum 19-Aug-07 ??? ??? -Parliamentary (Nat’l Assembly)23-Dec-07Poll Watch/PNETANFREL -Parliamentary (Senate) 02-Mar-08 ??? ??? -Parliamentary (Nat’l Assembly)03-Jul-11Poll Watch/PNETEU, ANFRELThai Election WatchTimor-LestePresidential 09 Apr and 09-May-07SOMET, KOMEG EU -Parliamentary 30-Jun-07 SOMET, KOMEGEU, Carter Center, NDI, ANFREL, IFES-EWER-Draft – Do not cite Max Grömping – ICIRD Page 11 of 25Presidential 17-Mar and 16-Apr-12SOMET, KOMEGUN, ANFREL, IFESEWERBelunParliamentary 07-Jul-12 SOMET, KOMEGUN, ANFREL, IFESEWERBelunViet NamParliamentary 22-May-11 - - -

informed choicemedia: channel of information between the contestants and the public, an arena for public debate, inform citizens of the policies and platforms of candidates and parties, enable voters to make an informed decision when they cast their ballots.report on campaign developments, inform voters on how to exercise their rights, monitor the electoral process, and report the results to the public. it is important to consider their degree of autonomy, i.e., their freedom from political or other interference, as well as the degree of media diversity.inter-related rights and duties: of the voters, of the parties and candidates, and of the media themselves

For example, during the ... Bolivian referendum, there were few (though some) accusations of ballot-stuffing or denying of voting privledges, ... the greater election violation was the monopolization of television advertisment time by the the Morales government. Yet international obeservers, often the most quoted in western newspapers, were only present for a few days before and after elections, thus the lack of balanced coverage was under reported. Are there suggestions on how this can be avoided?

Common: Media monitoring has become a common feature of elections since the mid-1990s. Monitoring usually uses "quantitative analysis" or "qualitative analysis" of media content, or both. The Unit: has a media analyst, a number of trained media monitors familiar with the political context and the media situation in the country -- with a background in media studies and/or experience in sociological research are preferablemonitors should not work as journalists or be members of political parties or movements