Molecules

Hydroxyl
Found in Carbohydrates another cellular compounds

Aldehyde
found in Aldo- type sugars

Ketone
Found in Keto- type sugars

Carboxyl
Found in organic acids such as amino acids and fatty acids

Amine
Found in amino acids, proteins and other N- containing compounds

Phosphate
Found in nucleic acids (DNA, RNA), ATP, ADP, and phospholipids

Sulfhydyrl
Found in the amino acid cystine, therefore also in most amino acids

Hydrogen bonds
Bonds where hydrogen shares electrons with another atom and becomes negatively charged, and the other atom becomes positively charged. This allows it to connect with other hydrogen bonded molecules. Ex. H2O

Dispersion
Is caused by electrons becoming unevenly distributed around an atom, causing its charge be on one side of it. This causes it to repel the electrons in another molecule, therefor attraction occurs

dipole-dipole
The electrons in a covalent bond are shared unequally causing a partial negative charge to occur at one end of the functional group and a partially positive charge on the other end. This causes two of these molecules to attract.

Ionic-dipole
Electrons are unequally shared, making the functional group either positive or negative. The oppositely charges functional groups attract.

Polar

Molecule/part of a molecule
that shares electrons unequally

Nonpolar

Molecule/part of a molecule
that shares electrons equally

Covalent bonds
Where two or more non metals
attract and share electrons.

Ionic bonds
Where a metal and one or more non metals attract
by stealing each others electrons, therefor
one is negatively charged
and the other is positively charged.