fuse
increase expression of Myf5,Mrf4,MyoD
delaminating progenitor cell downregulate pax3
C-Met binds to HGF + Pax3
induce musculature and dermis
Pax3 and pax7 -down-regulation
Maintain Pax3 and pax
Ventral part undergoes epithelial-mesenchymal transition
devides into cell cluster
gives rise to
Forming
Return to
Fuse with
Fuse with and donate nucleus
Progeny of
Located between
Main source of
Consists of
Covers
Covers
Covers
activate
stimulates
threfore inhibits
when their is more protein degradation than synthesis
induces
inhibits
stimulates
regulated by
inhibits
stimulates
induces
indirectly induces
starts with
acting as
inhibited by
when their is more protein synthesis than degradation
stimulates
stimulates
induces
induces
starts with
acting as
muscle growth
therefore inhibits
inhibits
Inbetween
Shh and Wnt protein signals
Connect
induces

Muscles

Protein synthesis

IGF1-Akt-mTor pathway

positive regulator

IGF-1

Pl3K

Akt

mTOR activity

muscle growth

muscle hypertrophy

Myostatin-Smad3 pathway

Follistation

muscle growth

negative regulator

mystatin actavin A

ACVR I/II

Smad 3 activity

mTOR activity

protein degradation

transcription factors

FOXO

Atrogin-1 activity

protein degradation

muscle atrophy

mTOR

protein synthesis

NF-kB

MuRF-1 activity

inflammatory cytokines

Structure

Epimysium

Perimysium

Endomysium

Single muscle fibers

Myofibril

Sarcomere

A band

Mysosin fillament

H band

I band

Z disc

Actin fillament

Stem cells

Satellite cells

Myonuclei in postnatal skeletal muscle tissue

Sarcolemma and basal lamina

Myoblasts

Muscle fiber

Other myoblasts

Myofibres

Dormant stage

Embryonic Myogenesis

Gastrulation

mesodermal layer

axial mesoderm

intermediate mesoderm

paraxial mesoderm

somites

sclerotomes

vertebrae and ribs

Dermomyotome

epaxial

muscle progenitor cells delamine from the edges of dermomyotome

Hypaxial

myotome

myoblast

myocyte

multinucleated muscle fiber

Subtopic

lateral plate mesoderm

via MRf(Myogenic regulotory factor