Objectives 1a-1c Information

Energy

Energy is heat that is used for powering things. Kinetic energy is energy of movement, while potential energy is stored energy. Mechanical energy is the total amount of potential and kinetic energy. No matter what, it never changes.

Kinetic Theory

The kinetic theory consists of three parts: all matter is made up of atoms, all particles constantly move, and the heavier the particle the more energy and force is needed to move it.

Energy and Chemical Reactions

These are related because the particles use energy. Since they always move, they have kinetic energy. Before colliding, they have potential energy to collide. After colliding, they either absorb or release energy. Also, their mechanical energy never changes.

Kinetic Theory and Chemical Reactions

These are related because the particles move. In order to collide, the particles must move to each other. In order to create or change something, there must be matter, which is made of particles. If particles collide slowly, then the reaction will be slow, the would need a lot of energy, and they would need a lot of force. If particles collided quickly, then the reaction would be fast, they would use barly any energy, and they would need barly any force.

Product

A product is the end result of when two or more atoms react and combine or dissolve.

Reactants

A reactant is when two or atoms react and combine or dissolve to create the product.

Coefficients

The coefficients are used for telling you how many of each whole molecule there are.

Subscripts

The subscripts are used for telling you that there are x amount of atoms on that paticular element.

Chemical Equation

A chemical equation is a equation that explains the change from the reactants to the products. For example: O + H = HO

Arrow

The arrow of a chemical equation signifies the change and reaction between the reactants. It also points to the product.

Covalent Bonds

These bonds are formed when nonmetals react. When they react, their electrons are shared. There is also another type called polar covalent bonds. When shared, they dissolve.

Ionic Bonds

These bonds are formed when nonmetals and metals react. They are the only bond that transfers their electrons. The gain or lose of an electron determines if its ion is positive or negative.

Metallic Bonds

These bonds are formed when metals react. WHen they react, their outer energy levels overlap, their electrons are shared, and then their electrons scatter into a "sea of electrons". Also, their electrons (before reacting) are not on their energy levels.