roman history

patrician

villa

domus

mosaics: paintings done with tiles and on the floor

murals: a painting on the wall

fresco: paint on plaster

peristyle: an enclosed garden

atrium: an open room with a pond and used to impress guests

toga

stola

plebian

tunic

insulae

entertainment in Rome

colosseum

could hold 50,000 people

gladiators

gladiators that were good were often given their freedom

circus maximus/lippodrome

it held up to 250,000

theatre

baths: washing facilities

hot room

warm room

cold room

thermopolium=take away

libraries

massage rooms

restaurants

gym

slave

quarrys

houses

salt mines

farms

slops

governor: these men ruled the provinces of the empire

crimes were taken from the twelve tables

worse = jury
better = magistrate

soldiers and vigils

crimes: burglary, fraud in trade, arson, murder and a slave escaping was also regarded as a crime

punishment included: crucifiction, execution, fine, gladiator, and exile

the Pantheon: Roman dome built in 25BC , it had columns, arches and domes

concrete - mixture of lime, water and volcanic ash and made buildings stronger and able to last longer

all roads lead to Rome

Romans were great road builders

over 20 main roads out of Rome

mile stones

famous roads such as the via sacra and the via appia ( the appian way)

aqueducts: sloping bridges carrying water into the city

army: 3 divisions

a century: has 100 men and a centurion controls them

signifier/standard holder

a cohort: made up of ten centuries

testudo

soldiers equipment: metal helmet, scarf to protect and keep neck warm, shield was made of wood or leather with an iron rim, pila ( javelins ) and were 2 meters long 1/2 a meter long double edged sword (gladius) and a dagger.

rations reduced also for punishment

a legion: made up of five cohorts

auxiliaries: these were non - Roman

if mutiny was suspected every tenth man would be executed this was called decimation

soldiers served 20 to 25 years and were given a sum of money or a small plot of land when discharged

flogging was a punishment for disobedience

the aquila was a silver eagle and if it was taken the whole legion would be disbanded

the general: usually came from patrician background and was responsible for feeding the men

catapulta: small catapult

onager: small catapult

balista: big catapult

scorpion crossbow on a stand

rammer

training is very hard

you had to be 18 to join the army

buildings

roads

aqueducts

central heating

shopping centres

the calendar

architecture

concrete

language

politics

religion

the spread of christianity

catacombs - for hiding, praying and saying mass

towns and cities

cities founded by Rome: London and Paris

legal system

each roman family had a shrine in their homes called a larium

Jupiter - king of the Gods

Juno - queen of the Gods

Mars - God of war

Venus - God of love

Mercury - messenger of the Gods

Neptune - God of the sea

burial customs: a coin is placed in the persons mouth to pay the ferry fare to Charon

Charon: the legendary ferry man

River Styx: river to heaven

sarcophagus: coffin to cremate

common language

common laws

common currency

common glass, windows, hospitals and shopping complexes

our calendar is the same as the Romans

this was the main market place

the via sacra (sacred way) was a road that ran through it