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Chapter 7 (The Night Sky)
7.1 Ancient Astronomy
Early Calenders and Sky Observations
Early Astronomers
Mesopotamian Astronomers
Today's Year
Early Clocks
Inferring Earth's Spherical Shape
Disappearing Ships
The Changing Sky
Earth's Curved Shadow
7.2 The Constellations
Patterns in the Night Sky
Random Stars in Space
Apparent Magnitude
Constellation Names
The Big Dipper
Polaris and the pointer Stars
Viewing Different Constellations
7.3 Movements of Earth and Moon
Earth's Motion
Why Do We Experience Seasons?
The Moon's Motion
Eclipses
Lunar Eclipses
Solar Eclipses
Tides
What Causes Tides?
7.4 Meet your Solar System
Models of the Solar System
Classifications of the Planets
The Planets
Inner Planets
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Outer Planets
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Planetary Motion
Distances Between the Planets
7.5 Other Objects in the Solar System
Trans-Neptunian Objects
The Plight of Pluto
The Oort Cloud
Comets
Comet Tails
Asteroids
Meteoroids, Meteors, Meteorites
Asteroid and Meteorite Impacts
Chapter 9 (The Mysterious Universe)
9.1 Galaxies
The Discovery of Galaxies
The Shapes of Galaxies
The Shape of the Milky Way Galaxy
Galaxy Superclusters
Understanding the Milky Way Galaxy
Star Clusters
The Diameter of the Milky Way Galaxy
The Center of the Milky Way Galaxy
The Local Group
9.2 The Universe
Edwin Hubble
The Doppler Effect
Redshift and Blueshift
The Expanding Universe
The Big Bang Theory
Evidence of the Big Bang
Uncovering the CMB Radiation Evidence
COBE and WMAP
Looking Back in Time
A Young Universe
Evolution of the Universe
The James Webb Space Telescope
CERN
9.3 Unsolved Mysteries
Dark Matter
Dark Matter and the Andromeda Galaxy
The Search for Dark Matter
Dark Matter and the Milky Way Galaxy
Dark Energy
Chapter 8 (Exploring Our Universe)
8.1 Exploring Space
Challenges of space travel
Exploring Space with Telescopes
Optical Telescopes
Telescopes in Space
Canada's Space Telescope
Studying Objects in Different Wavelengths
Non-optical telescopes
Telescopes in Space
Canada's Space telescope
Studying Objects in Different Wavelengths
Planetary Orbiters and Landers
Mars Climate Orbiter
Landers
The Lidar Instrument
Satellites
GPS Satellites
Remote Sensing Satellites
ENVISAT
Additional Uses of ENVISAT
Geosynchronous Satellites
The ISS
Laboratory in Space
Canadian Contributions to the ISS
Canadian Astronauts
Costs of Space Exploration
Ethics of Space Exploration
Issues to Consider
8.2 Exploring the Sun
The Formation of the Sun and the Solar System
How the Solar System Formed
Evidence for the Formation of the Solar System
A Flat, Rotating Disk
Extrasolar Planets
How the Sun Formed
A Growing Sun
Features of the Sun
Sunspots
Evidence of a Rotating Sun
Solar Flares
Importance of the Sun
Heating Earth
8.3 Exploring Other Stars
How Bright is That Star
The Colour and Temperature of Stars
The Composition of Stars
The Mass of Stars
The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
The Main Sequence
How Stars Evolve
Low-Mass Stars
Intermediate-Mass Stars
High-Mass Stars
Neutron Stars