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Chapter 7 (The Night Sky)

7.1 Ancient Astronomy

Early Calenders and Sky Observations

Early Astronomers

Mesopotamian Astronomers

Today's Year

Early Clocks

Inferring Earth's Spherical Shape

Disappearing Ships

The Changing Sky

Earth's Curved Shadow

7.2 The Constellations

Patterns in the Night Sky

Random Stars in Space

Apparent Magnitude

Constellation Names

The Big Dipper

Polaris and the pointer Stars

Viewing Different Constellations

7.3 Movements of Earth and Moon

Earth's Motion

Why Do We Experience Seasons?

The Moon's Motion

Eclipses

Lunar Eclipses

Solar Eclipses

Tides

What Causes Tides?

7.4 Meet your Solar System

Models of the Solar System

Classifications of the Planets

The Planets

Inner Planets

Mercury

Venus

Earth

Mars

Outer Planets

Jupiter

Saturn

Uranus

Neptune

Planetary Motion

Distances Between the Planets

7.5 Other Objects in the Solar System

Trans-Neptunian Objects

The Plight of Pluto

The Oort Cloud

Comets

Comet Tails

Asteroids

Meteoroids, Meteors, Meteorites

Asteroid and Meteorite Impacts

Chapter 9 (The Mysterious Universe)

9.1 Galaxies

The Discovery of Galaxies

The Shapes of Galaxies

The Shape of the Milky Way Galaxy

Galaxy Superclusters

Understanding the Milky Way Galaxy

Star Clusters

The Diameter of the Milky Way Galaxy

The Center of the Milky Way Galaxy

The Local Group

9.2 The Universe

Edwin Hubble

The Doppler Effect

Redshift and Blueshift

The Expanding Universe

The Big Bang Theory

Evidence of the Big Bang

Uncovering the CMB Radiation Evidence

COBE and WMAP

Looking Back in Time

A Young Universe

Evolution of the Universe

The James Webb Space Telescope

CERN

9.3 Unsolved Mysteries

Dark Matter

Dark Matter and the Andromeda Galaxy

The Search for Dark Matter

Dark Matter and the Milky Way Galaxy

Dark Energy

Chapter 8 (Exploring Our Universe)

8.1 Exploring Space

Challenges of space travel

Exploring Space with Telescopes

Optical Telescopes

Telescopes in Space

Canada's Space Telescope

Studying Objects in Different Wavelengths

Non-optical telescopes

Telescopes in Space

Canada's Space telescope

Studying Objects in Different Wavelengths

Planetary Orbiters and Landers

Mars Climate Orbiter

Landers

The Lidar Instrument

Satellites

GPS Satellites

Remote Sensing Satellites

ENVISAT

Additional Uses of ENVISAT

Geosynchronous Satellites

The ISS

Laboratory in Space

Canadian Contributions to the ISS

Canadian Astronauts

Costs of Space Exploration

Ethics of Space Exploration

Issues to Consider

8.2 Exploring the Sun

The Formation of the Sun and the Solar System

How the Solar System Formed

Evidence for the Formation of the Solar System

A Flat, Rotating Disk

Extrasolar Planets

How the Sun Formed

A Growing Sun

Features of the Sun

Sunspots

Evidence of a Rotating Sun

Solar Flares

Importance of the Sun

Heating Earth

8.3 Exploring Other Stars

How Bright is That Star

The Colour and Temperature of Stars

The Composition of Stars

The Mass of Stars

The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram

The Main Sequence

How Stars Evolve

Low-Mass Stars

Intermediate-Mass Stars

High-Mass Stars

Neutron Stars