THREE WAYS TO CATEGORIZE LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES

Offord(1990) Strategies For Language Learning

DIRECT

Memory Strategies

Creating Mental Linkages

Applying Image and Sound

Reviewing Well

Employing Action

Cognitive Strategies

Practicing

Receiving and Sending Messages

Analyzing and Reasoning

Creating Structures for Input and Output

Compensation Strategies

Guessing Intelligently

Overcoming Limitation is Speaking and Writing

INDIRECT

Metacognitive Strategies

Centering Your Learning

Arranging and Planning Your Learning

Affective Strategies

Lowering Your Anxiety

Encouraging Yourself

Taking Your Emotional Temperature

Social Strategies

Asking Questions

Cooperating With Others

Empathizing With Others

O'Malley's (1985) Classification of Language Learning Strategies

Metacognitive

Congnitive

Socio Affective

Rubin's (1987) Classification Of Learning Strategies

Learning Strategies

Cognitive Learning Strategies

Clarification/Verification

Guessing/Inductive Inferencing

Deductive Reasoning

Practice

Memorization

Monitoring

MetaCognitive Learning Strategies

Planning

Prioritising

Setting Goals

Self - Management

Communication Strategies

Social Strategies