THREE WAYS TO CATEGORIZE LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES
Offord(1990) Strategies For Language Learning
DIRECT
Memory Strategies
Creating Mental Linkages
Applying Image and Sound
Reviewing Well
Employing Action
Cognitive Strategies
Practicing
Receiving and Sending Messages
Analyzing and Reasoning
Creating Structures for Input and Output
Compensation Strategies
Guessing Intelligently
Overcoming Limitation is Speaking and Writing
INDIRECT
Metacognitive Strategies
Centering Your Learning
Arranging and Planning Your Learning
Affective Strategies
Lowering Your Anxiety
Encouraging Yourself
Taking Your Emotional Temperature
Social Strategies
Asking Questions
Cooperating With Others
Empathizing With Others
O'Malley's (1985) Classification of Language Learning Strategies
Metacognitive
Congnitive
Socio Affective
Rubin's (1987) Classification Of Learning Strategies
Learning Strategies
Cognitive Learning Strategies
Clarification/Verification
Guessing/Inductive Inferencing
Deductive Reasoning
Practice
Memorization
Monitoring
MetaCognitive Learning Strategies
Planning
Prioritising
Setting Goals
Self - Management
Communication Strategies
Social Strategies