unit 2
British North America
Chapter 4
A French Colony in a British Empire
The People of Quebec
Canadiens wanted...
to maintain French & Roman Catholic lifestyle
have coureurs des boi expand their territory
for their fur traders.
english merchants and farmers wanted...
To overtake the french merchants and
coureurs de boi fur trade.
to develop the English language
in Quebec.
gaining free land to settle
to increase their control
on the fur trade.
set up their farm in Quebec.
First Naitions wanted...
the way of life to pertain to their traditional
living style and fur trade involvement.
prevent settlers to move into their own territory
keep control of the Ohio valley
The thirteen american colonies wanted...
to expand their settlements to the atlantic coast,
Quebec and the Ohio Valley.
gain more control
of the fur trade
The First Nations and the British
At first the British wanted peace with the First Nations to confirm their control over their territory land.
the chief of the Ojibwe people respond that this land was in their possession and ran in their heritage and since their king has not shown an act of unity to persuade them they were still at war.
the warriors visited the fort to see how best to attack the British on may 7. when that day came the British had seemed to know what Pontiac had planned as they were all armed and ready for attack.
The chief of the Ottawa First nations, Pontiac led an alliance of the Ottawa, Ojibwe, Pottawatomie and the Huron. he planned for victory as he led his army of warriors to fight against the British at Fort Detroit.
the attack against the British eventually came though even though it didnt result in a capture. hundreds of British settlers were killed so the British retaliated.
At Fort-Pitttsburg the british soldiers cut up peices of blaket and put them into metal boxes then told all the first nation that when you open the box in your on village you will gains its powers. each first nation got a box but once they opended them a sickness soon speads like wildfire throuout the first nation.
what the british had done was ifect the blanket with small pox.this had been the first time in history of the use of germ warfare to defeat an enemy.
The royal proclamation of 1763
to make Quebec secure the British would have to make peace with All of Britains colonies in north America.this is how it affected Quebec...
Britain now controlled all of Frances territories including New France and Acadia.
Quebec's boundaries were now confirmed to be along the St. Lawrence River.
The English civil law was to replace French law.
The rest of New France was to belong to First Nations.
Any Canadians living in First Nations territory were to leave.
if you were royalty only then could you buy
land of First Nations territory.
Anyone involved in the fur trade in the first nations territory had to have license from the crown.
The British and the thirteen colonies
the british had 13 american colonies along the east coast and south Quebec
the north colonies had large colonies with severe winter
the middle colonies had rich agriculture
land for grain and vegetables.
the southern colonies crops such as cotton and rice grew well.
the colonies shared many differences such as religion but could all agree that they would become a strong nation.
The Quebec act, 1774
this act established some large changes to confirm the french rights.
the territory of Quebec was expanded
to include Labrador, The Ohio valley and
some islands of the St.Lawrence river.
This act was liked by the Quebecois
but disliked by First Nations and
British North Americans.
British North Americans not
allowed into Great Lakes
and Ohio Valley regions.
This act was like by the First Nations
and the Quebecois but disliked by
British North Americans.
Roman Catholics allowed
into the government.
This act was liked by the Quebecois and
disliked by the British North Americans.
The seingneurial system was legal once again.
This act was liked by the Quebecois and
disliked by the British North Americans.
The American declaration of independence,1776
The new taxes and Quebec acts
bothered the British North Americans.
This broke out the War of Independence in 1775.
The following year the representatives of the thirteen colonies the Continental Congress Meeting confirming the independence of the U.S.A on July fourth, 1776.
the continental congress agreed that the Quebecois and the American would share the struggle to find out which side Quebec would take but the Americans did not understand.
The American generals led troops to attack Montreal and Quebec but got defeated. now the Americans knew they would not be supported by Quebec in the war against the British.
The treaty of Paris, 1783
The Americans had an military to defeat the british that were in the thir teen colonies.
This had left America and Great Britain to solve their conflict to be able to live in peace.
Treaty negotiations had begun and Benjamin Franklin (U.S ambassador) was a strong negotiator, and he wanted to make sure they were seen as an independent Nation. when he succeeded the second treaty of America and Britain was finalized.(September 3, 1783)
Britain recognized American independence
The U.S. gained control over the Ohio Valley
The U.S. were allowed to fish along the coastal waters of Quebec and other British Colonies
All British troops must leave the U.S.
Loyalist could no longer be prosecuted, and
would be better if all confiscated property
was to be returned.
The seven years of war and
the question of taxation
the seven years war from 1756-1763 that ended in a peace treaty between the british and the french used 82 million pounds
this confirmed that the thirteen colonies were to be safe from outside attack
the British government felt that the colonies should help pay for the wars cost. they imposed special taxes onto its colonies.
these were the acts of parliment to pay for the seven years war.
Sugar Act
1764
taxes placed on goods (eg. sugar,cloth,
wine and coffee) to be imported.
Stamp Act
1765
made it a requirement to place
government stamps on all legal
documents and printed materials
Declaratory Act
1766
It was declared that the colonies were
under the control of the British government
Townshend Act
1767
placed import taxes on glass, paper, lead, paint and tea
Coercive/Intolerable acts
closed down the port of boston, and restricted disscussion of taxes in public meeting.
Each of the thirteen colonies had its own legislature where laws were made.
Chapter 5
The influence of the Loyalist
on the British North America
Who were the Loyalists?
Colonies such as Nova scotia, P.E.I. and New brunswick with Quebec became known as British North America
However Newfoundland, British Columbia and the south of us was also associated as a British Colonies but were to far away to be called British North America.
The Loyalist are varied groups that disagree with the American revolution. Examples...
Merchants and Farmers
abandoned property in the thirteen colonies
Small land owners, British veterans and
people hoping for Religious tolerance.
hoped to become richer in British North America
had some small possesions and clothing.
Indentured servants
under the control of families to work
for year before becoming free people
Black Slaves
had to accompany their assigned loyalist
Escaped Black slaves
had a use of migration to finally become escape
the loyalists sacrificed so much to
immigrate to British North America.
at first in was difficult adapting to their way of life
but then got assistance from the crown to resettle.
Quebec Governor, Sir Guy Carleton
wanted to honor the loyalist.
the migration of the loyalist to British North America
Nova Scotia/ New Brunswick
The year 1776 multiple loyalists left for Nova Scotia from New York. this group were the first to leave the 13 colonies.
the American revolution resulted in 30,000 loyalist immigrating to new Brunswick (that was part of Nova Scotia at the time.)
Some of the loyalists were professionals that belonged to religious minorities and felt the need to be protected .
(an example would be Huguenots, french protestants and Quakers who were disagreed with all violence and war.
as well as black soldiers of the British war moved to Nova Scotia too.
A ten day riot soon occurred in which blacks were invaded and beaten. Overtime all loyalists felt that staying there would not be safe.
several white loyalist moved to see how in would work in New Brunswick, Prince Edward island, or any other settlement locations west of Quebec.
as many black loyalist escaped slavery they had to sacrifice their hope of safety and success and migrate to Africa in desire for a better life.
these soldiers were promised to free land after they completed their services with British forces. these promises were then broken because they were not excepted by the white society.
this led many of the black society to find their own communities such as Birch town, Nova Scotia. this became one of the largest free black community in North America.
Loyalist migrations to Quebec
New England loyalists migrated to St. Lawrence, Quebec.
this was a newer area to be developed because most of Montreal and Quebec city were already settled in.
present day eastern townships of Quebec were all founded by loyalist.
Migrations to Lake Ontario and Lake Erie
as these regions were being developed they were mainley populated by first nations and very few european or none at all.
disbanded loyalist regiments
the first ever lyalist were familys that fought in
chapter 6
Subtopic
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The Boston Tea Party
The colonist began to resist the taxes, in 1770 5 protesters were killed by british troops.
They retaliated when disguised colonist (as First Nations) sneaked onto boarded ships and threw chests of tea out into the sea.