Universal Ancestor
- Ester Linkages
- DNA Presence
E. Coli
Bacteria
- Peptidoglycan
Common Ancestor of Eukarya and Archaea
- Histones Present
- Methionine
- Multiple RNA polymerase with 8 or more polypeptides
Methanobrevibacter smithii
Archaea
-Ether linkages
American Black Bear (Ursus americanus)
Eukarya
- Organelles
- Nucleus
Chlorophytes
Archaeplastida
- Plastids
Braun's stonewort (Chara braunii)
Charophytes
- Zygotic life cycle
Common Ancestor
- Sporic Life Cycle
- Embryo
- Desiccation-resistant spores
- Apical Meristems
- Gametangia
- Sporangia
Common Liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha)
Liverworts
Common Ancestor
Woolly Feather Moss (Tomentypnum nitens)
Mosses
Common Ancestor
Field Hornwort (Anthoceros agrestis)
Hornworts
Common Ancestor
- Lignin
- Xylem / Phloem
- Sporophyte (dominant generation)
- Thick Waxy Cuticle
- Stomata
Fan Clubmoss (Diphasiastrum digitatum)
Lycophytes
- Lycophyll Leaves
Common Ancestor
Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris)
Monilophytes
- Megaphylls Leaves
Common Ancestor
- Ovules
- Pollen
- Seeds
- Heterospory
- Wood
Gymnosperms
Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris)
Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum)
Angiosperms
- Fruit
- Endosperm
- Ovaries
- Flowers
Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora)
White Water Lily (Nymphaea alba)
Radiolarians
SAR Clade
Foraminifera
Rhizaria
- Filose pseudopodia
Common ancestor of Stramenopila and Alveolata
- Secondary plastids
Diatoms
Stramenopila
- Tripartite flagellar hair
Dinoflagelletes
Alveolata
- Membranous vesicles on cell membrane
Euglenoids
Excavata
- Feeding groove
- Secondary plastids
Common Ancestor of Uniktona and Amoeba
Amoeba
Amoebozoa
- Pseudopodia
Slime Mold
Unikonta
Common Ancestor of Animals and Fungi
- Multicellularity
- Absorptive Heterotrophy
- Multicellularity
Animals
- Gametic life cycle
Common Ancestor
Porifera
Common Ancestor
Eumetoza
Common Ancestor
Cnidaria
Common Ancestor
Bilateria
Common Ancestor
Protostomia
Common Ancestor
Deuterostomia
Common Ancestor
Lophotrochozoa
Ecdysozoa
American Black Bear (Ursus americanus)
Choanoflagellates (Desmarella moniliformis)
Common Ancestor
Fungi
- Chitin Cell Wall
- Zygotic life cycle
Fly Agaric (Amanita muscaria)
Nucleariid (Nuclearia thermophila)