Evolutionary Concept Module 2

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Goal-Oriented Mutation (Rejected because it is a random chance that mutation can be benefical or detrimental) . Mutations that occur based on environmental needs.

Gene Regulation . Process that controls the timing, location and amount of genes expressed

Selfish Genes .Genes (lines and sines) that overeplciate, inhibit other genes, or move towards the germline to ensure their "survival".

Development . Genes control embryonic development

Epigenetics . Changes in phenotypes that do not change the DNA sequence.

Cultural Transmission . The transmission of cultural traditions

Genetic Drift . Alleles disappear as other one's become more prevalent in a population

Sexual Selection . Females choosing mates

Population . Group of a specific organisms in a given environment

Variation . Different alleles and traits in a population that can reduce or increase fitness

Kin Selection . Organisms are more likely to behave altruistically to kin or siblings that share DNA.

Group Selection . Groups of organisms are affected by natural selection instead of individuals.

Speciation . Distinct species in the course of evolution

Reproductive Isolation . Species inability to breed successfully

Natural Selection . An organism's fitness to the environment. Higher fitness equals more offspring.

Mutualism . Separate species working together for each other's survival

Altruism . When an individual performs an action that is costly to itself in order to benefit another. But does the cost out way the benefit determines this behavior.

Horizontal Gene Transfer . Bacteria share DNA through the environment and is directly taken and placed onto DNA

Sex . The trading of DNA between males and females

Gene Flow . Movement of DNA into or out of population

Particulate Inheritance . Unseen alleles that still exist in a population that can see resurgence in a population

Random Mutation . A mutation on an allele that can be beneficial or detrimental to the organism. Random chance.

Transposons . Jumping alleles that can copy themselves multiple times on a DNA chain

Genetic Recombination . The crossing over of DNA during meiosis produces change and variation in the offspring's DNA. Mutations can occur during this time