Organigrama

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Immunomodulation and Vaccine

por ฟิรดาว อามิง

PHONOLOGY

por JENIFFER LIZBETH ZAMBRANO ENCALADA

Phonetics

por John Cardozo

Introduction to linguistics

por laurie guevara

phonetics

consonants

four classification criteria

according to the manner of articulation

narrowing

approximants

fricatives

complete/full closure

nasals

affricates

plosives

according to the point of articulation

bilabial labiodental dental alveolar post-alveolar palatal velar labial-velar glottal

• bilabial
• labiodental
• dental
• alveolar
• post-alveolar
• palatal
• velar
• labial-velar
• glottal

according to the position of the soft palate(velum)

nasal

soft palate lowered

oral

soft palate raised

according the position of the vocal folds

voiceless

voiced

vowels

dipthongs

the target sound is higher or closer than the initial one

prominance of the elements

rising

falling

distance of the ini and target element

narrow

wide

position of the target sound

closing

backing

fronting

centring

monothongs

classified in 3 criteria

lip position

rounded

spread

neutral

tongue position

front

centre

back

tongue height

close

close-mid

mid

open-mid

open