Planning of Health Promotion

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CHAPTER 4

Planning of Health Promotion

Precede/Proceed

It consisted of seven (7) phases: • Social Assessment • Epidemiological Assessment • Behavioral & Environmental Assessment • Educational & Ecological Assessment • Administrative & Policy Assessment • Implementation • Process Evaluation • Impact Evaluation • Outcome Evaluation

Outcome Evaluation -Generally measured in the health field by morbidity or mortality statistics in a population, vital measures, symptoms, signs, or physiological indicators on individuals.

Impact Evaluation -Measures of awareness, knowledge, attitudes, skills and behaviors yield impact evaluation data.

Process Evaluation -Any combination of measurements obtained during the implementation of program activities to control, assure or improve the quality of delivery.

Implementation -Planners select the methods and strategies of the intervention.

Administrative & Policy Assessment -assess the resources needed to develop and implement the Health Education program.

Educational & Ecological Assessment -Composed of predisposing, reinforcing and enabling factors.

Behavioral & Environmental Assessment -Specific behaviors and environmental factors that contribute to the targeted health problem are identified and prioritized.

Epidemiological Assessment -Data are collected to determine the incidence and prevalence of community health problems that affect the community’s Quality of Life.

Social Assessment -Identify social indicators that reflect target population with quality of life.

•Updated and improved by Green & Kreuter (1999) •Most widely used health assessment and planning models •PROCEED (Policy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development)

Precede

It consisted of seven (7) phases: • Social Diagnosis • Epidemiological Diagnosis • Behavioral Diagnosis • Educational Diagnosis • Administrative Diagnosis • Evaluation

Educational Diagnosis -Planners try to assess the cause of the health behavior buy identifying, sorting and categorizing three classes of factors that have potential to affect health behavior.

•Predisposing factors •Enabling factors •Reinforcing factors

Behavioral Diagnosis -Identify specific health related behaviors associated with the prioritized health problems.

Epidemiological Diagnosis -Epidemiological data works to determine what specific health problem were contributing to social problems.

Social Diagnosis -An assessment of the quality of life.

The framework based on the requirements of four disciplines: •Epidemiology •Social/behavioral sciences •Administration •Education

•Developed by Green, Kreuter, Deeds & Partridge (1980) •PRECEDE (Predisposing, Reinforcing and Enabling Causes in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation)

Planning a Health Promotion Program

There are many types of planning models for health education/promotion program: • PRECEDE (Green et al., 1980) • PRECEDE/PROCEED (Green & Kreuter, 1991) • MHEP (Ross & Mico, 1980) • CHEM (Sullivan, 1973) • MHEPRD (Bates & Winder, 1984) • GHFDS (Patton et al., 1986) • PATCH (Green & Kreuter, 1999; CDC1983)

Most of the models can be classified as "attitude" models.

Product of much effort plus based on well-developed models.

Approaches of Health Promotion including: • Assessing the needs of the target population • Identifying the problems • Developing appropriate goals & objectives • Creating an intervention that considers the peculiarities of the setting • Implementing the intervention • Evaluating the results

Health educators’ responsibilities: Involved in someway with program planning, implementation & evaluation.