Universal ancestor
- ester linkages
- DNA presence
Presence of Peptidoglycan Ester
bonds in cell membranes
Bacteria
E coli
Common ancestor of
Eukarya and Archaea
- histones Present
- methionine
- multiple RNA polymerase with 8 or
more polypeptides
Esther bonds
Archae
Methanobrevibacter smithii
Ester bonds
Membrane bound organelles
Membrane bound nucleus
Eukarya
American Black Bear
(Ursus americanus)
-organelles
-nucleus
Chlorophytes
Archaeplastida
-primary plastids
Braun's stonewort (Chara braunii)
Charophytes
- Zygotic life cycle
Common Ancestor
Common Ancestor
-Sporic life cycle
-Presence of embryo
-Desiccation-resistant spores
-Apical meristems
-Gametangia
-Sporangia
Common Liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha)
Liverworts
Common Ancestor
Woolly Feather Moss (Tomentypnum nitens)
-Mosses
Common Ancestor
Field hornwort (Anthoceros agrestis)
-Hornworts
Common Ancestor
-Thick waxy cuticle
-Stomata
-Dominant sporophyte generation
-Lignin
-Xylem and phloem
Fan clubmoss (Diphasiastrum digitatum)
Lycophytes
-Lycophyll leaves
Common Ancestor
Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris)
Monilophytes
-Megaphylls leaves
Common Ancestor
-Ovules
-Pollen
-Seeds
-Wood
-Heterospory
Gymnosperms
Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris
Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum)
Angiosperms
-Fruit
-Endosperm
-Flowers
-Ovaries
White Water Lily (Nymphaea alba)
Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora)
Slime molds
Unikonta
Fly Agaric (Amanita muscaria)
Opisthokonta
- single posterior flagellum
- multicellular
- absorptive heterotrophy
Common ancestor of Choanoflagellates and animals
Choanoflagellate
American Black Bear
Animals
- mobility
- complex organ system
- gametic life cycle
Giant Barrel Sponge
Porifera
Eumetazoa
Moon Jelly
Cnidaria
- Radial body symmetry
- Diploplasty
Medusozoans
Hydrozoa
- Pennaria disticha
- Polyp and medusa forms
Scyphzoa
- Moon jelly
- Medusa form most of its life
Anthozoans
- Elkhorn Coral
- Polyp form
Monarch Butterfly
Bilateria
-Bilateral body symmetry
Humboldt Squid
Prostomia
- Spiral and determinate embryonic cleavage
- Fate of blastophore: mouth
- Cephalization
Golden Apple Snail
Lophotrochozoa
- Triploblasty
- Presence of trochopore larvae or lophophore
Mollusca
- Humboldt Squid
- Golden Apple Snail
Gastropoda
- Golden Apple snail
- Shell (marine and terrestrial)
Bivalvia
- Soft shell clam
- Shells divided in two
Cephalopoda
- Humboldt Squid
- Tentacles
Annelida
- Common Earthworm
Platyhelminthes
- Pork Tapeworm
Rhabditophorans
- Macrostomum ligano
- Parastic
Cestoda
- Pork Tapeworm
- Lacks mouth and gastrovascular cavity
Trematoda
- Sheep liver fluke
- Require Intermediate host
Chesapeake Blue Crab
Ecdysozoa
- Diploblasty
- Ecdysis
Nematoads
- Roundworm
Arthropoda
Chelicerata
- Sourthern Black Widow
- Claw-like feeding appendages
Common Ancestor
Subtopic
Common Ancestor
Crustacea
- Chesapeake Blue Crab
- Specialized appendages (claws/pinchers)
Common Ancestor
Hexapoda (Insects)
- Monarch Butterfly
- Several complex organ systems
- Metamorphosis
Giant sea star
Deuterostoma
- Triploblasty
-Radial and intermediate embryonic cleavage
- Fate of Blastopore: anus
Echinoderms
- Water vascular system
Asteroidea
- Giant sea star
- Adhesive chemicals for gripping
Ophiuroidea
- Serpent star
- No adhesive chemicals
Echinoidea
- Purple Sea Urchin
- No arms and spikes
Common ancestor
- Notochord
- Hollow, dorsal nerve cord
- Post, anal tail
- Pharyngeal slits
Cephalochordata
- Branchiostoma lanceolatum
Common Ancestor
Urochordata
- Sea Peaches
Common Ancestor
- Cranium
- Vertebral column
Pacific Hagfish
- Eptatretus stoutii
- Agnathans
Common Ancestor
- Jaws
Great White Shark
Carcharodon carcharias
- Chondrichthyes
- Cartilaginous skeleton
Common ancestor
- Bony skeleton
- Lungs/ lung derivatives
Blue Tang
Paracanthurus hepatus
- Ray-finned fishes
Common Ancestor
- Lobe fins
Coelacanth
Latimeria chalumnae
- Lobe-finned fishes
Common Ancestor
- Limbs with digits
- Amniotic eggs
Red Eyed Tree Frog
Agalychnis callidryas
- Amphibia
- Ectotherm
Common Ancestor
Green Sea Turtle
Chelonia mydas
- Reptilia
- Ectotherm
- Birds: Endotherms
American Black Bear
Ursus americanus
- Mammalia
- Endotherm
- Hair
- Milk
Black Bread Mold ( Rhizopus stolonifer)
Fungi
- cell wall
- Zygotic life cycle
Amoeba
Amoebozoa
- pseudopodia (tubular/flat lobes)
Radiolarians
SAR Clade
Foraminiferas
Rhizaria
- filase pseudopodia
Common ancestor of Stramenopila and Alveolata
- secondary plastids
Diatoms
Stramenopila
- tripartite flagellate hair
Dinoflagellates
Alveolata
- membranous vesicles on cell membrane
- tertiary plastids
Euglenoids
Excavata
- feeding groove
- secondary plastids