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Motivation refers to the energy and commitment with which an individual or group
performs a task or role. It affects almost every aspect of business.

Motivated workers make a more favourable impact on customers and other stakeholders

An unmotivated workforce
could have a negative impact on the business through:

• lower productivity
• more accidents
• higher rates of absenteeism

• more conflict

• less readiness to learn or change

• more need for supervision.

In 1943 the US psychologist, Abraham Maslow proposed that people are motivated by a
'hierarchy of needs'

In 1960 Douglas McGregor described two distinctive styles of management: Theory X and
Theory Y.

Theory Y saw self-motivated employees with complex
needs and a natural urge to be creative.

. In Theory X managers believed workers needed discipline

The NDA Way shows how the organisation demonstrates its values.

Frederick Herzberg: 'two factor' theory of motivation

Achievement, recognition, responsibility and interest in the work were the true motivators.

The financial rewards of a job are an essential part of this contract between employer and
employee

* Piece-rate *Commission payments *Performance related pay

Company policy, supervision, work conditions and pay did matter, but could not motivate

Job rotation

Staff exchange jobs of comparable skill around the organisation

Job enlargement

Giving staff extra tasks or responsibilities

Job enrichment

Group of employees complete a whole stage of production and take responsibility for quality

Empowerment

Staff make their own decisions about work planning