fundamentals of psychoanalytic psychopathology.

Elementary phenomena contain the general structure of psychosis. These may or may not be expressed clinically.

Help in clinical practice as indicators of the possible modes of stabilization towards which we can direct our psychotic patients,taken into account one by one.

Each of the psychoses has different fundamental elements depending on the signifiers.

The types of research most closely associated with psychoanalysis are: research on verbal associations, developmental psychology, attachment studies, neurosciences, psychosomatics and research aimed at evaluating the results of treatments.

Psychoanalytic currents:
1- Research must reside in the development of concepts from the difficulties arising in the analyses, but also in scientific debates.
2- Contributions of statistical research on the results of the cures within the framework of psychoanalytic training institutes.
3- It tries to answer the question: What must happen in the analytic process so that a favorable result may appear at the end?
4- Extrinsic verification vs. intrinsic verification.

Four major trends in psychotherapy:
1- Religious psychotherapy: credit is given for therapeutic changes to a miraculous process.
2- Bodily psychotherapies: it proposes that the physical treatment has a direct effect on psychic affections.
3- Magnetism, hypnosis and suggestion: postulated that symptoms were determined by obstructions of magnetic flows, nowadays hypnosis is widely used in Russia and the USA.
4- Symptom focalization: sessions focused on making symptoms disappear.

Contributions of psychoanalysis to psychotherapy:
1-Theoretical elaborations based on the most recent scientific knowledge.
2- The concept of repetition as materially articulated to the concept of signifier.
3 - The concept of transference understood as the insistence of a problematic proper to the subject that implies his right to exist.
4-The concept of the unconscious formed by language.
5-Sexual impulses.

Within the fields of justice, criminal law and psychoanalysis have had notorious differences such as the nature of man and the way of calculating penalties, but there are certain currents that converge these two practices:
1- Axiology: to make psychoanalysis an auxiliary in the expertise.
2- Infantile orientation.
3- Confrontation of the criminal with the victim.

Modalities of passage to the act:
-Crimes of the superego: guilt.
-Crimes of the ID:The suffering is caused by an object that must be suppressed.

-crimes of the ego: determined by the mechanisms of ignorance of the ego and by a certain number of social justifications.