HISTORY TIMELINE

page 38 The Treaty of Utrecht is a peace agreement signed in 1713 between England and France to end a war that began in Europe in 1701. By signing this treaty, France and Britain agreed to stop fighting one another. The Treaty of Utrecht was also called the Treaty of Peace and Friendship.

In 1773, the British and Wabanaki Confederacy agreed to end the alliance and take control of the land. They reached the agreement in portsmouth, where the British agreed not to build on the Wabanaki land, conduct trade neutrally and exchange gifts. In return, the Wabanaki Confederacy agreed to stop attacks, return lands and allow future disputes to be allowed by the British government. The 300th anniversary of the treaty was celebrated with exhibits.

The Ohio river valley is an area surrounding the Ohio river. This river had long been used by First Nations as a transportation route, because it joins the Mississippi river, which flows thousands of kilometers to the Gulf of Mexico. The Ohio river valley played a significant role in the French and Indian War. The British and the French both wanted control of this transportation route. The British and the French were very upset about this and it led to a war. At the end the British claimed the lands of the Ohio river valley.

An Acadian explosion, a brutal and brutal event, occurred between 1755 and 1763 when thousands of Acadians were forced to leave their communities and homes. The British, who had previously controlled Acadia, feared the expulsion would increase the French population in the surrounding colonies, making them more vulnerable for future attacks. In 1730, the British and Acadians reached and agreement, allowing the Acadians to practice catholicism and sign an oath declaring their loyalty to King George ll. The Acadians became known as "the neutral French," but the peace was uneasy.

The Seven Years' War was the first global war fought in Europe, India, America and at sea. This war has also been called the first true world war. Conflicts between the French and British in North America Heightened in 1754. By 1756, the war had spread to Europe, India , the African Coast, Central America. The treaties that ended the Seven Years' War were the treaty of Paris signed on February 10, 1763, between Great Britain, Hanover, France and Spain, with Portugal expressly understood to be included, and the treaty of Hubertusburg, signed on February 15, 1763, which was between Austria, Prussia and Saxony.

In the 1700s, Europe's economy was based on mentalism where countries spelled their goods to other countries for profit. Colonists in North America Sought new markets, such as tea, spices and sugar from India and the West Indies. The French and British valued resources such as fish, furs, gains, timbers and tobacco which were then used for warships and food. In 1754, the British sent troops to North America and attacked French forts, seizing hundreds of French merchant ships. The Seven Years' War was a conflict between the French and British settlers, with the British capturing Louisbourg in 1748 and capturing it again in 1758. The battle for Fort Duquesne, built near present-day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was seen as the start of the war. The British were forced to leave the area multiple times, but eventually succeeded in 1758 when the war began to turn in their favor. The painting "The Capture of the "Alcide" and "Lys" by an unknown artist conveyed the message of the war.

The British delivered a Royal Proclamation in 1763, outlining new rules for all the people who were living in North America. This Proclamation or official statement, announced that the British were taking over the government of Quebec. It also clearly reserved land for First Nations and promised hunting and fishing rights. The Royal Proclamation called for all land deals to be made in public and be formalized by a treaty. In the 50 years following the Royal Proclamation, The British government and various First nations entered into a number of treaties to maintain Peace as more and more British settlers moved onto the land.

In 1759, the British closed in on New France after the expulsion Acadians and captured Louisbourg. They failed to destroy Québec city leading to General James Wolfe's new battle plan. The Battle of the Plains of Abraham involved British ships sailing down the St. Lawrence River at night, soldiers climbing a cliff, and the actual battle. On September 13, 1759, 4500 British troops landed in L'Anse au Foulon, climbed a cliff, and fought the French on the Plains of Abraham. Québec City fell to the British in less than an hour.

The Quebec Act established the procedures of governance for the province of Quebec. Great Britain acquired the territory from France under the 1763 treaty of Paris. The act defined the structure of the provincial government by creating the governor who was supported by a legislative council. No provision was made to establish an elected legislative assembly. The act also preserved the seigneurial system of land tenure and French civil code, whilst English criminal code was introduced.

After the Seven Years' War, tensions escalated between The British colonies and The British government. Colonists protested increased taxes, felt decisions were made without consolation, and refused to obey laws without their input. They demanded representation and a motto of ''no taxation without representation''.

On December 16 1773, British ships carrying tea from the East India Company arrived on the Boston harbor. A group of protestors, some disguised as First Nations people seized the ship and dumped all the tea into the water. This event has become known as the BOston tea party. The tea act allowed only the British tea company, the East India company to pay lower taxes on tea, this meant that the company could sell tea to the colonies at lower prices. Colonial tea merchants could not compete with these lower prices. When the British ships arrived in Boston, the colonists decided to protest. The Boston tea party triggered a series of events that led to the start of the American Revolution in 1775

Between 1775 and 1800, there was something called the Conclusional act. Britain made new rules for its colonies in North America. They split the land into two parts: Upper Canada and Lower Canada. Upper Canada mostly spoke English, while Lower Canada mostly spoke French. They did this to keep peace between the French settlers. The act also gave colonies more powers to make their own laws. So, it was like giving them more freedom to make their own rules.