METHODOLOGY AND THEORY OF LEARNING LANGUAGES

METHOD, METHODOLOGY, THEORIES, FIRST AND SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

Method, Methodology Language Teaching

Method

Road or way

To reach a purpose

APPROACH

Give some knowledge, theories

Nature of language

Theories of the nature of language

Structural

Find the meaning

Grammar units and operations

Giving syntax of the language

Functional

Means in order to state meaning

Semantical field of the language

Interactional

Subtopic

Theories of the nature of language learning

Design - Procedure

DESIGN

Describes

Syllabus

Describes the connection

Language theories

Learning

Teaching approach or method

The language assessment system

Learners

Needed to carry out

Educational process

The approach and method

Always be based

Philosophy of the student

Teachers

Direct student's learning

Become

Facilitators

The guide of students

Tarjet language

Helps to acquire

Not necessary

Non-native language

Students can be prepared

Self-instruction

Instructional materials, types and functions

Basic in language teaching approach or method

Reinforcent teaching

Setting objectives

PROCEDURE

Final step

Teaching/leraning process

Role of some techniques

In learning/teaching process

Teaching and learning teqchniques

for inttroduce new topics in class

Exercises and practical activities

To help students

Understand the new topics

Resources to develop, implement best practices

Additional elements in learning/teaching process

Time

Space

Equipment

Comes from Greek roots

META = goal

HODOS = way

Methodology

Procedures and activities

Will be used to teach

Content of the syllabus

Are used

To teach

Target Language

Comes from Latin roots

METHODUS = way to
reach a goal

LOGY/LOGIE = procedure or
system

Basics Aspects About Language

LANGUAGE

Organized system

Composed of sounds

Are used in a specific culture

Establish communication or relationships

LEARNING

Acquisition

Learning

Conscious process

Within the human brain

Intensive repetition

Better understanding of new facts

TEACHING

Systematic process

Used by teachers
(or any person)

Learning process

Theories About First and Second Language Acquisition

THEORIES FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

Behavioristic Theories

Child get syntax patterns

On stimulus response

Supported by imitation

They have a nature

Organize and provide

About some statements

Is reinforced untill became a habit

Fist Language

Consciously learned

By means of oral stimulus

Is not rewards

Children not able to learn

All of the syntax patterns

At beginning of their lives

Generative Theories

Children learn through

Mechanism of innate language

Subtopic

Enables to learn

Language spoken

Theories

The Nativist Approach

Childrens are pro-programmed

To get first language

According

Avram Noam Chomsky (1928-2017)

Childrens make

Their own rules

Use of language

Children already have

A universal knowledge

Syntax and grammar

Children choose

Correct grammar rule

Larry B. McNeill (1951-2004)

Children can learn

Recogize differents speech

Arrange linguistic data

For futher use

Understand and choose

One linguistic information

Evaluation device

To use linguistic facts

The Cognitive Approach

Human brain

Organaized in levels memory

Perception

Thought

Meaning

Emotion

Child was born

A sort of knowledge

About first language

Important authors

Lois Bloom

Children learn by

By underlying relationships

Jean William Fritz Piaget (1886-1980)

Language become

In terms of a interrelationship

With linguistic knowledge (devolop daily)

Dan Isaac Slobin

The meaning of words and thing

The first thing

Humans acquire

Then get syntax

THEORIES OF SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITIONS

Phychologycal Principles

The Classical Behaviorism Theory

Iván Petróvich Pávlov (1849-1936)

Classical Conditioning

A stimulus give a response

John Broadus Watson (1878-1958)

Stimulus-response connections

The Neobehaviorism

Burrhus Frederic Skinner (1904-1990)

Operant Behavior

A conduct carry out in the society

People's reinforcement

Positive acceptance

Negative acceptance

Programed Instructiong

A special system

Starting from simple teaching facts

Finishing with difficult

The Cognitive Learning Theory

David Paul Ausubel (1918-2008)

Can learn by means

A meaningful procedure

Relates

Person alredy know (meaning learning)

What the person has acquired recently (rote learning)

Frank Smith (1921-2007)

Manufactoring meaningfulness

Learning meaningful

If the person wants it

Depends of human

Needs

Goals

Aspirations

Motivations

Process of retention

Two types of memory

Short-term

Informtion by some seconds or minutes

Long-term

The most significant is remembered

The Humanistic Psychology Theory

Karl Ransom Rogers (1902-1987)

Effective operations

Enviromental features

Considering in learning

Learning

Concept of a person

Learner becomes consious

Their own knowledge

Environment

Accustomed to such environmen

Learners require

Excellent teachers

Their can help pupils learn

Any sort of information

teachers ought to be

Facilitator

Consider people

Get in touch and listen students

THEORIES OF LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

Atheoretical Studies

Child language

Prevocalic stage

Toward

Clear speech

Nature

Theory of language

Speech development

Being acquired

Linguistic knowledge

Linguistic ability

Seek communication

Before production

Early steps

Babbling

pronunce two, three words

In one

Short phrases

Few connections

Cognitive Theories

Children is born

With some sort

Of process mechanism

Procedures and inference rules

Active Process

Learner is'nt

Passive reactor

To external stimuli

Retain Items

In short-term memory

In long-term memory

Segment expressions

In sounds and meanings

Cognitive and mental development

Determinant the language acquisition

The child's temporal reference

Breaks free from the present moment

Imagining him/herself

Other moments and events

Another perspective.

Behavioristic Theories

B. Frederic Skinner (1904-1990)

Specific linguistic behaviors acquire

Operant conditioning

Language is acquire

operant learning

reinforcent stimilu

approximations

generalizations

Children

Cannot establish longer sentences

Acquire hierarchical grammar

Word order occurs

During language acquisition

Nativist Theories

Language emerges

During maturational process

Ability innate to learn language

Biological endowment

Categorization

Perception

Transformation capabilities

Language acquisition period

Two and twelve years

Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

Distinguish speech sounds

Refine

Phonological systems

Syntactic systems

Kind of linguistic system

Certain type is possible

Other types are'nt

Children is born with

Innate knowledge

Linguistic universals

Innate organizing principles

The concept of

“Sentence"

Assess

Developing language system

Linguistic Universals

WEAK

Reflections universal in language

STRONG

Reflections specific in language