Common Ancestor
-ester bonds in cell membrane
-DNA as genetic storage
Bacteria
-presence of
peptidoglycan
in cell walls

Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Common Ancestor of Eukarya
and Archaea
-presence of histones
Archaea
-ether bonds in
cell membrane

Methanobrevibacter smithii
Eukarya
-membrane bound
organelles and nucleus
Unikonta
Amebozoa
-psuedopodia that extend
like tubes or flat lobes
Slime molds
Opisthonkonta
-single posterior
flagellum in
swimming cells
Fungi
Zygomyctes
Black Bread Mold (>Rhizopus stolonifer)
Basidiomycota

Fly Agaric (Amanita muscaria)
Common ancestor of
animals and choanoflagellates
Animalia
American Black Bear (Ursus americanus)
Choanoflagellates
Archaeaplastida (Plantae)
-primary plastids
Common ancestor of
green algae and plants
Common ancestor of
Charophytes and Plantae
Plantae (Bryophytes and Tracheophytes)
-sporic life cycle
-presence of embryo
-apical meristems
-gametangia and sporangia
-dessication-resistent
Common ancestor of Mosses,
Hornworts, and Tracheophytes
Common ancestor of Hornworts
and Tracheophytes
Tracheophytes (seedless and seed vascular plants)
-leaves
-lignin
-dominant sporophyte
generation
-thick waxy cuticle
-stomata
-xylem and phloem
Common ancestor of
Monilophytes and seed
vascular plants
-megaphylls
Common ancestor of
Angiosperms and
Gymnosperms (seed vascular plants)
-pollen
-seed
-heterospory
-wood
-ovules
Angiosperms
-fruit
-flowers
-endosperm
-ovaries

White Water Lily (Nymphaea alba)

Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora)
Gymnosperms
Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris)
Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum)
Monilophytes

Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris)
Lycophytes
-lychophylls

Fan clubmoss (Diphasiastrum digitatum)
Hornworts

Field hornwort (Anthoceros agrestis)
Mosses
Woolly Feather Moss (Tomentypnum nitens)
Liverworts
Common Liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha)
Charophytes

Braun's stonewort (Chara braunii)
Green Algae
Chlorophytes
Red algae
Rhodophytes
SAR Clade
Common ancestor of
Stramenophiles and
Alveolata
-secondary plastids
Stramenophiles
-tripartite flagellar hair

Diatoms
Giant Kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera)
Alveolata
-membranous vesicles
on cell membrane

Dinoflagellates
Rhizaria
-filose pseudopodia

Forminiferas

Radiolarians
Excavata
-feeding grooce
-secondary plastids

Euglenoids