The Subject of Biology
Biospheres
include
hydrosphere
atmosphere
lithosphere
provides the requirements for life
energy
gasses
water
soil
favorable temperatures
Living Organisms
8 Characteristics
adaptation through evolution
cellular organization
growth and development
hereditary
homeostasis
reproduction
metabolism
response to stimuli
6 Kingdoms
Plantae
Non-Flowering Plants
Mosses
Ferns
Gymnosperms
Flowering Plants
Angiosperms
Dicotyledons
Monocotyledons
Animalia
Invertebrates
Worms
Mollusks
Arthropods
Coelenterates
Echinoderms
Vertebrates
Warm Blooded
Birds
Mammals
Cold Blooded
Amphibians
Fish
Reptiles
Fungi
Eumycota
Zygomycotina
hyphae are:
filamentous
non-septate
reproduce
asexually
sexually
Ascomycotina
hyphae are:
septate
reproduce
sexually
asexually
Basidomycotina
hyphae are:
septate
reproduce
sexually
Deuteromycotina
hyphae are:
septate
reproduce
asexually
Myxomycota
Protista
Animallike
called: protozoa
include:
sporozoa
ciliophora
sarcodina
zoomastigina
Plantlike
called: algae
unicellular
multicellular
Funguslike
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Archaea
are: Prokaryotes
extremophiles
thermophiles
grow best at 45 degrees C
hyperthermophiles
grow best at 780 degrees C
inhabit in hydrothermal vents
acidophiles
grow best at low pH
halophiles
grow best at 17-25% salt concentration
inhabit in great salt lakes
methanogens
produce methane
inhabit in the colons of animals
participate in sewage treatments
Eubacteria
some are:
beneficial
detrimental
can be:
chemosynthetic
heterotrophs
photosynthetic
Reproduction
Sexually
plants
androecium
gynoecium
animals
testis
ovaries
Asexually
unicellular organisms
Budding
Fission
Binary
longitudinal
simple
transverse
Multiple
multicellular organisms
fragmentation
regeneration
vegetative propagation
spore formation
budding
Symbiosis
the relationship between two different organisms
mutualism
both organisms benefit from eachother
commensalism
one organisms benefits while the other is neither benefitted nor harmed
parasitism
one organism benefits while the other is harmed
Nutrition
Autotrophy
photoautotroph
chemoautotroph
Heterotrophy
saprotrophs
detritivores
consumers
The Three Domains of Life
Archaea
methanosarcina
halophiles
methanobacterium
methanococcus
T. celer
thermoproteus
pyrodicticum
Bacteria
green filamentous bacteria
gram positives
spirochetes
proteobacteria
cyanobacteria
planctomyces
bacteroides cytophaga
thermotoga
aquifex
Eukaryota
entamoebae
slime molds
animals
fungi
plants
ciliates
flagellates
trichomonads
microsporidia
diplomonads
Cells
Prokaryotic
Bacteria
Archaebacteria
no nucleus
no organelles
mostly unicellular
microscopic
Eukaryotic
protista
plants
animals
fungi
some are unicellular, most are multicellular
nucleus
organelles